CL ———————— 
SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—H. 439 
figure of a man masked, with stag’s antler on his head and a tail. Was this 
only the sorcerer of the cave or does it show a method used for catching stag? 
(Compare ostrich hunt of Bushmen.) <A certain very early Gallic god was always 
shown masked as a stag, as also a Cretan god of Minoan times. Are we to see 
any cultural connection between these representations of masking as stags? 
5. Mr. Lestrz Armstrona.—LEngravings on Flint-Crust from Grime’s 
Graves. 
The finding at Grime’s Graves of fragments of flint-crust bearing incised 
lines and irregular forms, indicated that definite engravings might be dis- 
covered if carefully searched for. ‘This was realised in September 1920. An 
extensive new chipping zone, consisting of three distinct living levels, was 
located on hitherto undisturbed ground. The uppermost levei was of Bronze 
Age date, the intermediate level a typical Grime’s Graves floor, and the lowest, 
at 2 feet 8 inches to 3 feet below ground level, resting upon and partially 
embedded in decalcified boulder clay, probably represents the earliest phase 
of the industry. Careful scrutiny of every piece of crust recovered resulted in 
the discovery, on the lowest floor, of several inscribed pieces, including two 
important engravings. One of these represents a stag, or elk, disturbed whilst 
browsing, with head held erect and raised fore-leg. The second has an animal’s 
head upon it. Both are executed upon the outer crust of floor-flint. Asso- 
ciated with the engravings were flint implements of Mousterian type, bone 
tools and pottery. 
Friday, September 9. 
6. Joint Discussion with Section E on The Origin of the Scottish 
Peaple. 
Prof. Sir ArtHur Kerra, F.R.S.—The inhabitants of the Highlands and 
western parts of Scotland and the inhabitants of the inland parts of Scandinavia 
are branches of the same racial (Nordic) stock. Seventy years ago Anders 
Retzius in Sweden and Sir Daniel Wilson in Scotland maintained that the High. 
land or Celtic Scot and the central Scandinavian showed the same type of head 
and the same form of body. A comparison of the results of more recent investi- 
gations carried on in Scotland by ‘Beddoe, Turner, Tocher, Gray, Reid, 
Macdonell, and Young with inquiries conducted in Sweden and Norway by 
Gustav Retzius, First, Arbo, and Bryn makes it certain that Scot and Scandi- 
navian are traceable to a common source. Prof. Carl First of Lund maintains 
that the inland inhabitants of Scandinavia are the descendants of the people 
who settled in Norway and Sweden on the retreat of the last ice sheet. All 
the evidence favours the opinion that the modern Highlander is the lineal 
descendant of the people who reached Scotland at a corresponding period. 
Scandinavian geologists estimate the beginning of the emergence of Scandi- 
navia and of Scotland from ice to a period of about 11000 s.c. The North Sea 
was then an estuary or bay, open to the north, with a western shore leading up 
to Scotland, an eastern leading to Scandinavia. On the Danish, as also on the 
Scottish, coasts are found the shell heaps of the ‘harpoon’ folk—the earliest 
inhabitants in the north-western outskirts of Europe in post-glacial times. The 
culture of this people is to be traced to countries in the south-west of Europe, 
and although their remains have not been found we may safely infer that they 
arose from the long and big-headed type of man found in South England and 
on the Continent at the close of the Ice Age. It is thus maintained that Scot 
oe Scandinavian are descendants of the late palzolithic men of South-West 
urope. 
The accepted opinion that the late palolithic races of South Europe had 
dark hair, eyes, and complexions is probably well founded. Fair hair, light 
eyes, and clear complexions, which find their fullest expression in the inhabitants 
of Baltic lands, are best regarded as characters recently evolved. The darker 
hair and eyes of the modern Scot, as compared with his Scandinavian cousin, 
may not be due to a later Mediterranean admixture, but to his retaining to a 
greater degree the complexion of his paleolithic ancestor. The evidence gathered 
