SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—H, I. 445 
Western Isles, in Orkney and Shetland. Some of the accused witches who 
claimed to have their powers from elf-land were mere healers or ‘ spae-wives’ ; 
others were accused or accused themselves of the more sinister aspects of 
sorcery, but they also had dealings with the fairy folk. 
22. Mr. Donautp A. Mackxenzie.—features of Scottish Folk-lore. 
Scottish folk-lore has distinctive features. The treatment of the pig is in 
sharp contrast to the Irish treatment. A Scottish pork taboo, ‘at one time 
widespread, still persists in localities. It has no connection with totemism. 
In Ireland pork was eaten freely from the dawn of its history. This Scottish 
taboo is non-Celtic and non-Teutonic. Another contrast between Ireland and 
Scotland is presented by the Fomorians. In Scotland these are hill giants who 
engage constantly in single combats; in Ireland they wage war against the 
Danann deities. There are no Dananns in Scotland. In Scottish folk-lore are 
fragments of ancient mythological systems and evidence of culture drifting. 
23. Mr. Lewis Spence.—The Study of Mexican Religion. 
Present position of the study.—Its chief modern protagonists.—The modern 
literature which deals with it.—Obscurity of its most valuable sources.—Few 
of these accessible for general study.—The less reliable sources almost habitually 
employed by writers on folklore——True sources of our knowledge of the sub- 
ject.—Difficulties confronting the student.—The cults of Tlaloc, and of 
Quetzalcoatl, alien cults —The Obsidian cult.—The elements of Mexican 
Religion at the period of the Spanish Conquest.—Conclusion. 
SECTION !I.—PHYSIOLOGY. 
(For references to the publication elsewhere of communications entered in 
the following list of transactions, see p. 466.) 
Thursday, September 8. 
1. Presidential Address by Sir Watrer M. Fuercuer, K.B.E., 
F.R.S., on The Aims and Boundaries of Physiology (see p. 125); 
followed by discussion, opened by Prof. Sir HE. SwHarpry 
Scuarer, F.R.S. 
2. Dr. RB. K. S. Lim.—Demonstration of the Mucoid Cells of the 
Stomach. 
Friday, September 9. 
3. Discussion of the Results of Kidney Deficiency Tests in Relation 
to the Views of the Functions of the Kidney. Opened by 
Prof. A. R. Cusuny, F.R.S. 
4, Dr. A. Kroan.—An Apparatus for Recording the Oxygen Con- 
sumption of Man and Animals. 
The apparatus is a modification, or rather a simplification, of one used by 
Krogh and Lindhard. It consists of a recording spirometer, with a CO, 
absorbing system built into it, and connected by inlet and outlet pipes with 
respiration valves and a suitable mouthpiece, mask, or tracheal cannula, the 
whole forming a closed system. The respiration of the subject is recorded on 
a drum revolving at a constant rate, and the CO, being absorbed the respiration 
curve will show a steady decline due to the absorption of oxygen. Oxygen 
must, of course, be added at the beginning, so that the O, percentage in the 
apparatus does not sink below that of the atmosphere. When the O, absorption 
is uniform a straight line can be drawn joining the tops of all normal expira- 
tions, and from this the O, consumption can be measured in a few moments 
with a high degree of precision. 
In order to express the results accurately in terms of calories the R.Q. must 
be known and the protein metabolism must be low. ‘This is easily attained by 
