448 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—J. 
Friday, September 9. 
4. Presidential Address by Prof. C. Luoyp Morcan, F.R.S., on 
Consciousness and the Unconscious. See p. 143. 
5, Dr. C. 8. Myers, F.R.S.—The Evolution of Feeling. 
(1) Four varieties of affective tone are distinguishable, characterised by 
(a) strain and (6) relaxation in response to a favourable situation, and by 
(c) strain and (d) relaxation in response to one unfavourable. Exhilaration, 
gladness and interest arise from (a); ease, bliss and contentment from (0); 
aneasiness, distress and repugnance from (c); depression, sadness and apathy 
from (d). 
(2) Affective tone is due to (i) the organic harmony or discord induced by 
the environment; this evokes (ii) innately purposive patterns of out-going 
locomotor and organic activity, partly self-controlled and producing organic 
sensations; the latter in turn induce (iii) organic harmony or discord. Self- 
activity is ‘ affected’ by (i), (ii), and (iii). An innate basis is afforded by 
(i) and (ii) for affective tone which is completely developed by (iii) derived 
from actual expression. 
(3) Instincts are integrated from different higher and lower reflexes, 
emotions from different instincts, sentiments from different emotions, organised 
within higher systems and subjected to control and inhibition which are impor- 
tant determinants of the accompanying feeling. In the lowest reflexes the self 
is affected only by (iii). The higher reflexes are accompanied by affective tone 
evoked as described above (in 2). Instincts, emotions and sentiments are 
accompanied by their special feelings depending on the integration of disposi- 
tions to lower feelings and on (ii) and (iii). 
6. Dr. W. Brown.—Psychoanalysis and Suggestion. 
From a theoretical, no less than from a practical, point of view, it is most 
important to determine the exact relation of suggestion to psychoanalysis. 
Freud himself has admitted that the factor of transference (Uebertragung) is 
essential in any course of psychoanalysis which is to lead to cure or ameliora- 
tion of the patient’s condition. He also says that suggestion is a form of trans- 
ference. It is proposed to take this position as the starting-point for discussion. 
Suggestion and hypnosis. Auto-suggestion. ‘ Unconscious’ suggestion. Laws 
of suggestion. Practical use of suggestion in psychotherapy. Suggestion and 
psychoanalysis in so-called conversion hysteria. Criticism of this term. 
Criticism of certain psychoanalytical doctrines. in relation to the subject of 
suggestion. Conclusions. 
7, Dr. R. G. Gorpon.—Some Suggestions as to a Common Ground 
between Freudian and Behaviourist Psychology. 
8. Prof. T. H. Pear.—A Neglected Aspect of Forgetting. 
9, Dr. Ernest Jones.—The Psychology of the Herd Instinct. 
10, Dr. J. Drever.—A ppetition and Reaction. 
Freud’s distinction between the Pleasure Principle and the Reality Principle 
appears to be psychologically to all intents and purposes identical with the 
distinction the writer has drawn between Appetitive and Reactive Tendencies. 
An earlier psychologist had found the fundamental psychical phenomena in 
Belief and Desire. This is apparently the same distinction. Frend’s distinction 
is so radical for his psychological theory—it is not negligible in the practice 
based on that theory—that it is imperative for the psychologist, whether 
Freudian or non-Freudian, to come to some definite conclusion concerning the 
validity of the distinction, or at least to examine carefully the phenomena on 
which the distinction is based, and that in the interest of the science of 
psychology itself. 
In the case of adult human behaviour the facts seem clearly to support the 
view that some such distinction is valid. Action may be initiated and deter- 
mined by the agreeable or disagreeable in experience. Agreeable experiences 
may be sought, disagreeable shunned, with reference to no end beyond the 
