SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—L. 455 
To test the correctness of these deductions a further assumption was made— 
namely, that subjects placed by the pupils far apart, as first and fifth, first 
and fourth, or second and fifth, have no mutual affinity, and that children dislike 
studying them at the same time. The results so obtained confirmed almost to 
the letter the conclusions already arrived at. 
2. Joint Meeting with Sections F and J. Discussion upon Voca- 
tional Training and Tests. 
Dr. C. W. Kiwuins stated that intelligence tests are now being used 
effectively in connection with defective children who are being sent to special 
schools. Similarly, intelligence tests were required in awarding scholarships. 
Children frequently passed examinations well, but had not sufficient native 
ability to profit further. Investigations regarding the after-school employment 
of children made in the London districts showed the need of vocational tests, 
and the desirability of adopting a system of tests by which it would be possible 
for a child to receive, on leaving school, a statement showing the line of 
employment for which he or she was best fitted. 
Mr. Kennepy-Fraser.—Two recent developments have made vocational 
training of great importance as a part of a system of general education, viz. : 
(1) the extension of the school age; (2) the discovery of an appreciable pro- 
portion of the general population to be so definitely sub-normal in intelligence 
as to be quite unfit to profit by any general course of education devised to 
meet the needs of the average pupil over the age of ten. By applying a general 
intelligence test to all the children in a school system it would be possible 
to give the higher stages of a general education only to those who show they 
can profit by it, while to those who come out at the lower end of the scale 
some form of pre-vocational training suited to their mental level could he 
substituted. 
Dr. C. 8. Mvrrs, F.R.S., urged that right choice of occupation was necessary, 
in order to avoid unhappiness, waste of time and money. The choice must be 
made by the individual: no compulsion against his convictions; no drift. 
The choice should be assisted during the last year of school life by the use 
of the cinematograph, and lectures on duties, responsibilities, prospects and 
drawbacks of various occupations. The advice of parents and teachers was 
inadequate; expert advice was essential. The expert should visit the school, 
and have access to school reports, which should show a continuous record of 
the child’s activities and interests. 
Mr. F. Warts believed that with a properly organised state of society 
vocational tests would be an absolute necessity; that industry itself must be 
brought into vital contact with the school, and must show a more sympathetic 
interest in the continued education of its young entrants. 
Sir Wittiam Beveripcz, K.C.B., urged a more careful selection of boys 
for the jobs they had to do, and condemned the methods of selection adopted 
by the majority of the employers. 
Friday, September 9. 
3. Report of the Committee upon Training in Citizenship. See p. 361. 
4. Report of the Committee upon Educational Pictures. See p. 376. 
5. Joint Meeting with Section E. Discussion on The Teaching of 
Geography. See p. 429. 
6. Report of the Committee upon an International Auxiliary Lan- 
guage. See p. 390. 
Monday, September 12. 
7. Presidential Address by Sir W. H. Hanow, C.B.E., on The 
Place of Music in Education (see p. 187); followed by a dis- 
cussion opened by Mr. Puunkett GREENE. 
