134 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. 
element in their character, tend to settle in the towns. Stone, a represen- 
tative southerner, remarks that planters must seek more reliable labour than 
that of the Negro, who has already been replaced in tobacco cultivation in 
Kentucky. Booker Washington repeatedly called attention to the serious- 
ness of the danger that the Negro would be driven from the skilled occupa- 
tions. The recent agreement between Italy and Mexico for the settlement 
of 500,000 Italians in Mexico would provide an additional source for Italian 
inflow into the southern States. The feeling against inter-racial marriage 
is not so strong among the people of southern Europe as it is with the 
Teutons ; hence extensive south-European immigration into the cotton dis- 
tricts may lead to their future occupation by a hybrid race similar to that of 
tropical South America. This process would render impossible the con- 
tinued refusal of political and municipal rights to any citizen who has a 
trace of Negro blood. The coloured people would regain the suffrage, 
and the political development of the southern States on normal American 
lines would be impossible. If the Whites in the southern States be divided 
between Republicans and Democrats, the Negro vote would hold the balance 
of power; and owing to the considerable over-representation of the 
southern States in proportion to population, American politics might be 
determined by the Negro vote. Such a situation would be intolerable 
to the northern and western States. Hence, to avoid it, they might agree 
to the south-eastern States being formed into a group with a special 
measure of home rule in some departments of Federal jurisdiction. 
This solution may take a century or more to develop; but the 
geographical considerations indicate it as the most probable issue from 
the Negro strength in the south-eastern States. 
3(c) Segregation in South Africa.—The system of inter-racial develop- 
ment by the segregation of the different elements in the population, though 
apparently impracticable in America, is one of the main issues in current 
South African politics.’ 
In Africa, the racial problem, as far as concerns the white and coloured 
races, is simple in most parts of the continent owing to the overwhelming 
majority of the coloured population. In Algeria and Tunis there has been 
an extensive settlement of south-Kuropeans, with whom the native Berbers 
are racially allied. Most of Africa is the home of Negroes, whose numbers 
are increasing faster than any other population in the world. European 
officials superintend most of the continent, but they and the European 
traders are few in number and are usually temporary sojourners. In a 
few localities, such as the Highlands of Kenya and of Nyasaland, the 
European colonies may be permanent ; but even in these localities the bulk 
of the labour is supplied by Negroes, and much of the retail trade is con- 
ducted by Asiatics. The European colonists are a small dominant 
caste. 
It is only in the Union of South Africa that the Whites are in sufficient 
numbers to form a considerable proportion in the population ; but their 
future position, even in South Africa, is uncertain. There is no doubt 
of the suitability of the South African climate for Europeans. It has been 
the home of a large colony for more than a century, and the white 
1 The general election in South Africa, June 1924, shows the growing strength of 
the movement in favour of segregation. 
