136 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. 
measure and would raise the cost of labour. General Hertzog and his party, 
however, insist that some policy of segregation affords the only chance of 
maintaining the position of the white man in South Africa. The segregation 
policy in defence of the Whites seems fully justified by its long adoption in 
the interest of the natives. Thus Basutoland and the Transkei Territory in 
the east of Cape Colony are reserved for the natives; no European can 
settle in them without the express permission of the Governor-General. 
As white labour is excluded from some parts of South Africa in the interest 
of the Negro, it would seem only fair that the Whites should have a 
corresponding advantage elsewhere and especially in districts which were 
practically unoccupied until the Europeans entered them. According 
to one plan of segregation the natives should have a privileged position 
throughout the eastern lowlands of Cape Colony and Natal, and in some 
eastern districts in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal; some parts 
of this division of the country should be reserved for the coloured races, 
and no white people allowed to acquire land or an interest in land within 
them. In compensation for this restriction certain occupations and some 
areas should be reserved for the Whites in the western parts of Cape Colony, 
of the Orange River Colony, and of the Transvaal. The principle of 
segregation was approved by the Natives Land Act of 1913, but it has 
obvious difficulties. The British residents in South Africa deplore much 
in the Afrikander Nationalist programme ; but its policy of segregation 
appears to advance the only plan by which South Africa can be developed 
as the permanent home of a large population of the European race. 
V. Tropical Colonization and the Future of Australia. 
We have seen therefore that in North America the presence of the Negro 
has introduced problems of inscrutable perplexity ; that in South America 
a mixed race is in firm possession ; that in Africa as a whole the white man 
has no chance as a colonist; and that in South Africa his future depends 
on some complex measure of segregation. In Asia only in the north and 
north-west has the white man any prospect of permanent dominion. 
In contrast to these restrictions in Australia the fundamental problem is 
the possibility of the occupation of the whole continent by the European 
race. 
When the chief inrush of immigrants into Australia occurred after 1850, 
the belief was almost universal that the natural home of the white man 
was in the temperate zones and that the torrid zone must be left to the 
coloured races. That policy was accordingly adopted by Australia and 
pursued for 50 years. The tropical districts were left open, with varying 
limitations, to Asiatic immigration. Few Asiatics, however, took advantage 
of this opportunity, though large numbers were eager to enter the cities and 
settlements in the south, where the European had done the pioneer work. 
In the north the Asiatics were a hindrance, as they were too few to help 
materially, and they were sufficient to discourage the entrance of white 
artisans. 
In 1901 Australia, on Federation, found itself faced by two problems— 
the empty north which the open-to-Asia policy had not filled, and the 
disturbing effect of indentured coolies on white labour. The policy of 
excluding coloured people and working the northern plantations with white 
