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E.—GEOGRAPHY. 147 
and valuable crop. The supremely fertile tropical regions have, however, 
usually a hot muggy climate, which is not attractive to Europeans while 
areas with less trying conditions are available. Northern Australia, even 
if it were not hampered by a high proportion of poor land, would naturally 
develop slowly, just as in Canada the Northern Territory and the rocky 
backwoods have lagged behind the St. Lawrence basin and the rich-soiled 
western plains. — 
The natural development of tropical Australia would be by overflow 
from the south when that part of the continent is more adequately peopled. 
Progress could be best aided by opening routes to tempt those with pioneer- 
ing instincts to wander northward. This process may be considered too 
slow by those who consider the immediate occupation of tropical Australia 
a political necessity in order to prevent its annexation by some Asiatic 
Power ; but the alarms based on Asiatic designs against Australia ignore 
the vast empty areas in Asia, the rich lands that could be more easily 
acquired in the Eastern Archipelago, and the persistence with which the 
people of south-eastern Asia have shunned areas in their own continent 
under geographical conditions corresponding to those of most of tropical 
Australia. 
7.—CoNcLUSION. 
The conclusion that the white man is not physiologically disqualified 
from manual labour in the tropics and may colonize any part of Australia 
simplifies inter-racial problems, as it provides an additional outlet and 
spacious home for the European race. 
The preceding survey of the position where the three main races meet 
in intimate association indicates that the world will have a happier and 
brighter future if it can avoid the co-residence in mass of members of 
the different primary divisions of mankind. Individual association and 
contact should secure for each race the benefit of the intellectual, artistic, 
and moral talents of the others ; while industrial co-operation should aid 
each nation to make the best use of the land in its care. 
The world has reached its present position by the help of each of its 
three great races, and it still needs the special qualities of each of them. 
The contemplative Asiatic founded all the chief religions, the ethical basis 
of civilization. The artistic Negro probably gave the world the gift of 
iron, the material basis of civilization. The administrative genius of the 
European race has organized the brain power of the world to its most 
original and constructive efforts. The affectionate, emotional Negro, 
the docile, diligent Asiatic, and the inventive, enterprising European do 
not, however, work at their best when associated in mass. That association 
is attended with serious difficulties; for race amalgamation, which is the 
natural sequel, is abhorrent to many nations, and the intermarriage of* 
widely different breeds, according to many authorities, produces inferior 
offspring. The policy of co-residence with racial integrity has failed to 
secure harmonious progress in North America and South Africa. The 
development of the best qualities of the three races requires their separate 
existence as a whole, with opportunities for individual association and 
co-operation. 
In view of the inter-racial difficulties that have developed wherever 
_ the races are intermingled, Australia will throw away a unique opportunity 
if it fails to make a patient effort to secure the whole continent as the home 
of the white race. L 2 
