All England and Wales : ; ; ; . 100 
Rural parts of County Areas : ; ; : . 102-4 
Urban parts of County Areas ; : , : . 100-5 
: 
H.—ANTHROPOLOGY. 193 
boards were found among the casual labourers and the textile workers, 
who had been subject to bad conditions of environment. 
The returns from the School Medical Service show that stature is on the 
_ whole greater in England and Wales to the south of a line drawn from the 
Severn to the Wash, with an extension northward to include Lincolnshire 
and the Hast Riding of Yorkshire ; in addition, scattered areas containing 
many tall children occur in Westmoreland, on the coast of Cumberland, 
in the far north of Lancashire, in the hilly districts of Staffordshire and in 
Merioneth. This line of demarcation clearly marks off the industrial from 
the rural districts, though it also largely coincides with areas of former 
Saxon, Danish and Norwegian occupation. The children in factory towns 
and mining areas are in general definitely shorter than those in rural 
districts. Arthur Greenwood,* considering the returns from a large 
number of education authorities, found that the results could be expressed 
in terms of those for all England and Wales with the following results :— 
London : : ; : : , ? : . 99-6 
Manufacturing Towns : 
Glamorgan and Monmouth (Coal and Iron Towns) . 98-5 
Yorkshire Woollen Towns 3 : : 2/981 
Lancashire Cotton Towns ; i ‘ ‘ 98:0 
Staffordshire Pottery and Hardware Towns. rth 3 8) 
Durham and North-East Coast (Coal and Iron) . 966 
These findings agree closely with those of the recruiting boards, and a 
comparison of the two shows that the inferiority in the textile towns 
becomes more noticeable after the school age. In London® the physique 
is best on the whole in the suburban areas on the higher ground, and is 
worst in the poorer districts to be found in the central areas, along the 
Thames flats and in the valleys of the small streams that once flowed 
across the site of the present county. In Scotland the best physique is 
to be found in the rural areas, except in the Western highlands and islands 
where environmental factors other than urbanisation have tended to stunt 
growth and the racial type differs. As in England, industrial districts are 
below the average. 
The best physique is found in the great public schools, then in order 
come the secondary schools, the trade schools and the ordinary elementary 
schools; these correspond pretty well to the leisured and professional, 
the commercial, the artisan, and the factory and labouring classes, 
respectively. The stature of the children from the better-class schools, 
many of whom present Nordic traits and all of whom have been brought 
up in a favourable environment, is equal to any in the world. The general 
__ average for all types of schools is, however, below that of the children of 
a 
¥ 
> 
_ contained a large proportion of Nordic elements, and also suggests that 
_ the children flourish under the new environment. 
__ ® Greenwood, Health and Physique of School Children, pp. 27-28, and Appendix A. 
_ British descent in the Dominion or the Commonwealth. The advantage 
of the latter supports the opinion that the emigrant stocks from Britain 
® L.C.C. Report of Medical Officer (Hducation), 1910, pp. 131-133.. 
1924 0 
