376 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS. —B. 
to the fractionation of certain rare earth mixtures. A gel containing the given 
mixture is placed in a long glass tube, between a section of KCl gel (nearer 
the anode) and a section of chromic sulphate gel (nearer the cathode). On 
electrolysis, since the K+ moves more rapidly than the rare earth ions, and 
the Crt+*+ moves more slowly, the two boundaries of the central section remain 
quite sharp even after it has travelled a long distance. If the rare earth ions 
themselves have appreciably different mobilities, the faster ion should accumu- 
late in the front portion and the slower in the rear portion of this section, so 
that a complete separation should readily be obtained. Short runs have been 
carried out with three mixtures—yttrium-erbium, gadolinium-samarium, and 
neodymium-praseodymium. In the first two cases a 400-cm. run gave practically 
perfect separation; in the last the separation was cnly partial. 
4, Dr. F. W. Avacx.—Isomerism of Oximes. 
5. Prof. J. F. Snsitu.—Malic Acid from Maple Sugar Sand. 
Friday, August 8. 
6. Mr. D. A. Prrronarp and Mr. G. E. Gottor.—The Canadian Salt 
Company’s Processes for the Manufacture of Alkali-Chlorine Products. 
The plant of the Canadian Salt Company at Windsor, Ontario, is situated 
over salt deposits of vast extent and is near enough to Niagara Falls to render 
the use of electric power from that source economical. The plant is also favour- 
ably located for both water and rail distribution. The first electrolytic alkali 
plant in Canada was installed in 1912 by this company. Details are given of 
the construction (illustrated by lantern slides) of the electrolytic cell used and 
of its operation, efficiency, &c. The cell is named after its inventor, Arthur EH. 
Gibbs, an Englishman. In Canada, the United States, and England there have 
been installed to date Gibbs’ cells to the capacity of approximately 45,000 h.p. 
Details are given of the mechanical bleach-making equipment employed, believed 
to be the only successful one on this continent. A complete description of the 
manufacture and handling of liquid chlorine, in which industry the company is 
the pioneer in Canada, is also given. 
7. Mr. R. L. Pesx.—The Electro-Refining of Nickel. 
(Followed by General Discussion on Canadian Electrochemical 
Industries, Prof. F. G. Donnan, F.R.S., taking part.) 
8. Mr. Horace Freeman.—The Economic Aspect of Hydroelectric 
Development in Relation to Canadian National Resources. 
The present uses of hydroelectric energy for chemical and metallurgical 
purposes in Canada are referred to in connection with domestic and imported 
raw materials. The consequent growth of industrial communities in Canada. 
The general nature and locations of available mineral deposits, the trend of 
metallurgical practice, and the need of Research to meet the requirements of 
the situation, are dealt with. The export demand in U.S. for energy from 
Canada must be considered in conjunction with our ability to provide loads for 
present developed energy and our supplies of raw materials. The importance 
of the situation to British metallurgical interests is vital. 
9. Mr. F. A. Lippury.—Characteristics of Electric Steam Generation. 
10. Mr. F. A. J. Firzcrratp and Mr. G. Ketiener.—The Radiant 
Resistor Furnace. 
Described furnace, designed by the author, for heating by radiation from a 
resistor. lhe principle has since been employed by many investigators, and 
results were given of experimental work carried out on a rather large scale. 
Numerous instances were given in detail. 
