406 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—E. 
importance of maps in education.—Maps applied to illustrate special purposes, e.g. 
population maps, &c.—New projections and recent ideas concerning the use of certain 
old ones.—Suggestions for assisting children to construct their own maps and thus 
increase their interest in geography. 
3. Mr. J. H. Reyvnoups.—The Work of the Permanent Committee on 
Geographical Names for British Official Use. 
Need for standardisation of place names.—R.G.S. rules for orthography, 
1885.—The Geographic Boards of the United States, 1890, and Canada, 1898.— 
Effect of Great War and Peace Treaties.—Origin and constitution of P.C.G.N., 
1919.—Revision of R.G.S. rules : the R.G.S. II. system.—Conventional names.— 
National spellings where Latin alphabet is used.—Diacritical marks.—Transla- 
tion of non-Latin alphabets, Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, &¢.—P.C.G.N.’s adoption 
of ready-made official lists—Indian, Chinese, and Japanese names.—Unwritten 
languages.—Native names according to R.G.S. II. system. Arbitrary systems 
invented by missionaries, &c., not adopted; Fijian, Sechwana.—Method of pre- 
paring lists of names.—Revision by competent authorities.—All lists of names 
in British Empire submitted to local governments before final publication.— 
Dominions representatives.—Irish names.—Other werk of P.C.G.N.—Inquiries 
about orthography and pronunciation welcomed.—Interest in P.C.G.N.’s work 
displayed in United States and Canada. 
4. Presidential Address by Prof. J. W. Gregory, F.R.S., on Inter- 
racial Problems and White Colonisation in the Tropics. (Page 125.) 
5. Mr. E. M. Dennis.—The Work of the Topographical Survey of Canada. 
This Branch of the Department of the Interior has been making surveys 
since 1869. Before the war a very large area of new land in Western Canada 
was subdivided into farms, but, as opportunities offered, other work was under- 
taken, such as photo-topographic, exploratory, and inter-provincial boundary 
surveys. During and since the war the activities of the Branch have been 
largely devoted to filling in the details of the earlier surveys. Lands are being 
classified for their suitability for agriculture. A systematic topographic survey 
has been commenced, the resulting inaps being on scales of three miles and one 
mile to the inch. Experimental work with aerial photography as an aid in 
surveying and mapping is receiving considerable attention. 
6. Mr. W. H. Boyp (Chief Topographical Engineer, Geological 
Survey).—The Geological Survey’s Part in the Topographical 
Survey of Canada. 
The work, in the field and office, of the topographical division of the Geo- 
logical Survey.—A sketch of the creation of the division, and the method of 
selecting and training topographers.—Various methods used in different parts 
of Canada.—The standard sheet system, scales and types of maps produced. 
7, Mr. A. M. Narraway (Controller of Surveys).—Practical Applica- 
tion of Aerial Photographs to Surveys in Canada. 
During the past two seasons considerable experimental work has been carried 
on in Canada in the utilisation of aerial photography for mapping purposes. 
The results obtained have enabled the Topographical Survey of Canada to 
apply these views in a practical and economical manner to supplement ground 
surveys. Marked progress has been made in mapping by oblique aerial photo- 
graphs the important mineralised areas in Northern Manitoba and the intricate 
system of waterways in that district, and in obtaining information relative to 
forest cover by this means. Aerial photographs are also being used extensively 
in land classification, revision, and soil surveys. 
8. Mr. W. H. Hersert.—The Magnetic Survey of the Topographical 
Survey of Canada. 
Description of the magnetic survey of the Topographical Survey of Canada 
from 1880, the date of its inception, to the present; explaining how a most 
