434 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—I, J. 
The protective nature of the viscero-motor reflexes renders logical the 
assumption of their asseciation with pain in the intact organism. 
38. Prof. Larayvetts B. Menpsn, Prof. THomas B. Oszorne, Prof. 
Epwarps A. Park, and Dr. M. C. Winternitz.—Variations 
in the Kidney related to Dietary Factors. 
There is a widespread popular belief that a high-protein diet in man is a 
renal irritant. Inasmuch as rats will grow on rations extremely rich in protein, 
provided all other dietary essentials are supplied, it has been possible to study 
the development of their organs under such conditions. The kidneys become 
strikingly hypertrophied, but histologic examination has failed to disclose changes 
of an inflammatory or degenerative nature. The renal hypertrophy occurred 
without hypertrophy of the heart. When renal function is greatly augmented 
by certain factors other than the necessity of eliminating nitrogenous waste, 
hypertrophy does not develop in the same way. The chemical features that may 
be related to the functional hypertrophy of the kidney are being investigated. 
39. Dr. Ivy Mackenziz.—Orthopedic Deformity and the Dissolution 
of Central Nervous Integration. 
Gun-shot wounds of the limbs were followed frequently by orthopedic 
deformities which could not be explained on the current conceptions of the 
functions of peripheral nerves. In the upper limb, wounds in the musculo-spiral 
segment were rarely followed by serious sequele; wounds in the ulnar 
segment had frequently serious sequel. Operations on the ulnar nerve 
were not so successful as those on the musculo-spiral. A wound in the musculo- 
spiral segment might give rise to a deformity in the ulnar segment; a wound in 
the ulnar segment never gave rise to a deformity in the musculo-spiral segment. 
These differences are to be attributed to a difference in neural complexity between 
the lower and the upper segments of the cervical enlargement. The lowest 
segment (first thoracic) contains central neurones of the sympathetic system; 
the upper. segments do not. The lowest segment contains also the motor neurones 
and terminal sensory neurones of the ulnar nerve which is concerned with the 
finer movements of the hand. Hence the tendency to orthopedic deformity in 
the ulnar segment of the limb from functional dissolution of its central nervous 
integration in the cord. 
SECTION J.—PSYCHOLOGY. 
(For references to the publication elsewhere of communications entered in the 
following list of transactions, see page 469.) 
Thursday, August 7. 
1. Prof. T. H. Pear.—Privileges and Limitations, of Visual Imagery. 
The desirability of studying in detail the extent to which the memory, 
thinking, and judgment of an individual may be affected by the type of imagery 
which predominates in his mind. The concept of imagery as a cage, limiting 
one’s appreciation of the world, illustrated by the one-sided visualiser’s lack 
of kinesthetic or ‘muscular ’ imagery. Some persons seem more conscious than 
others of their confinement in imagery. 
The belief that visual imagery characterises minds of lowly organisation. 
Is this always true? The possibility that there is a technique of arriving at 
truth along visual routes. May different classes of imagery, like differently 
coloured searchlights, illuminate the facts of existence in their own inimitable 
ways? 
The intimacy, privacy, and personal appropriateness of visual imagery. Its 
influence upon judgment. Can there be a visual logic? Propria in the world 
of visual memory. 
Is the verbaliser caged? The personal and impersonal use of words. 
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