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OFFICIAL JOURNEYS. 477 
vegetables for the city market. The market-carts, primitive in construction, and many 
obviously home-made, were seen laden with vegetables, etc., and drawn by one or two 
horses. The women help on the land, and many were with their husbands going to the 
market. 
Beyond the Galician settlement were ordinary farms, and it was evident that 
efforts were being made to establish mixed farming. Here the area of land connected 
with a homestead was greater and the house, constructed of wood, was larger than in 
the Galician settlement. Small townships were passed, and mixed farming seemed 
to give place to prairie farms, and later to uncultivated land too far from rail and 
market to attract the settler. The return journey passed through Selkirk and a 
Ruthenian settlement which was similar in many respects to the Galician settlement, 
and it was again observed that women were helping in the fields. One of the guides 
expressed the view that the Galician or Ruthenian peasant is a good settler, in that 
he possesses all the necessary qualities of industry, perseverance, and thrift. 
The main body of the members was conveyed by street-car to the 
Manitoba Agricultural College, where, after inspecting the buildings and 
grounds, they were entertained to luncheon. Addresses of welcome were 
given by the Mayor of the City and the Premier of the Province, and Sir 
William Bragg and Sir William Ashley replied on behalf of the Association. 
The Manitoba Agricultural College is situated eight miles from the city. The 
college buildings were erected in 1912 at a cost of $4,000,000, and provide magnificent 
facilities and equipment for teaching and research in the sciences applied to agriculture. 
The course for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (B.S.A.) extends over 
a period of five winter sessions. In addition there are shorter courses of two winters’ 
duration in agriculture, domestic economy, dairying and poultry husbandry. A 
noteworthy feature of all the courses is the thoroughness of the practical training. 
For example, an abattoir has been erected in the college grounds, and the students 
receive practical instruction in the slaughtering of farm animals and the dressing of 
carcasses for market. , 
In the short time available it was not possible to make a thorough inspection of 
the work of all the college departments, and attention was therefore mainly confined 
to the crop and animal husbandry investigations. 
The soil is a dark brown loam varying in depth from 6 inches to 3 feet, and resting 
upon a stiff yellow clay subsoil. The average annual rainfall is about 20 inches, but is 
often considerably less. Sowing takes place in May, and, as there are only about 
100 growing days, prominence is given to the work on early maturing varieties, 
particularly in the case of maize for silage. Considerable attention is also being given 
to seed production, as it is the general experience that locally grown seed gives better 
results than seed from southern districts. Among other experiments inspected were 
those for the production of winter hardy varieties of Red Clover and Alfalfa, and 
those with White Mellilit and Sudan Green, etc., for the formation of pasture. 
Experimental herds of Aberdeen Angus, Herefords and Beef Shorthorns are kept 
at the college farm, together with Friesians and Dairy Shorthorns for dairy purposes. 
Several of the most important British breeds of sheep are also represented. The 
college authorities are inclined to the view that they have not yet got the breeds of 
cattle and sheep most suitable for the province, and experimental work in this direction 
is in progress. Experiments on the production of early-maturing beef and bacon 
are being carried out and some interesting and valuable results have been obtained. 
In its propaganda and educational work a big effort is being made to convince 
the farmers in the province of the economic advantages of mixed farming. This 
work is meeting with considerable success. 
In the afternoon members made a tour through the city in motor-cars, 
and were entertained to tea at the Royal Alexandra Hotel by Mr. D. C. 
Coleman, Vice-President of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The party 
left Winnipeg at night. 
Friday, August 22.—Sasxatoon, Sask. (1764 m., 1589 ft.), was 
reached in the early afternoon. The party was taken by motor-cars to 
the University of Saskatchewan, and the ceremony of the opening of a 
new chemistry building took place immediately on arrival. 
