A488 OFFICIAL JOURNEYS. 
from the railway trucks to the lake steamers. An informal reception 
was held at Port Arthur. 
A geological party was conducted to Mount M‘Kay and proceeded up the mountain, 
following the trail made by the Indians, and noting en route the water-worn pebbles 
of the old beach of Lake Algonquin. A pause was made to examine an excellent 
exposure in the Animikie slates and greywackés, and the generally unaltered 
character of the ancient sediments was a matter for comment. Curious markings were 
observed on some of the bedding planes, and these were considered as possibly due to 
mud flowage. A wall-like mass of diabase 30 ft. in thickness was observed running 
up the hill almost parallel with the trail, and shortly afterwards the contact of the 
Animikie beds with a thin sill (15 ft.) of diabase was passed. At the top of this sill 
there is a platform due, no doubt, to differential erosion of the Animikie and the 
igneous rock, and here the surface features of the sill and its effect on the overlying 
Animikie beds could be studied. These appeared to be hardened and occasionally 
showed traces of spots, but only in the immediate contact. Above these sediments, 
and crowning the hill, the director, Dr. Tarton, pointed out the great 200-ft. sill of 
diabase to which doubtless the mountain owes its preservation. : 
Various features were shown from this point of vantage, notably the old brick- 
kilns (where formerly bricks had been made from the Animikie slates, an index of 
their plastic nature), and the great expanse of the old Lake Superior beach, 830 ft. 
above sea-level, the present level of the lake being at 600 ft. 
The nature of the Animikie slates was discussed, and Dr. Tarton expressed his 
belief that their high content of potash and soda was indicative of a pyroclastic origin. 
A quarry was next visited, where the iron formation below the Animikie slates 
was well seen. These beds consist largely of chert, together with some iron-bearing 
rock, either silicate or carbonate. A vein of silver ore occurs at this point along a 
line of fault which brings the Animikie slates against the iron formation. There has 
been considerable mineralisation here, and amethyst, quartz, barytes, and pyrites 
were all present in abundance, as was also the highly carbonaceous anthraxolite. 
Leaving this quarry the party next visited a road exposure at the junction of 
John Street and Winnipeg Avenue. The rocks seen here were at a still lower horizon 
in the Animikie, and showed crystalline limestones, calcareous conglomerates and 
chert beds, the relation of which to each other appeared to be much confused. The 
chert could clearly be seen running both vertically and horizontally through the 
calcareous members. 
Tuesday, September 2.—The trains, having lain overnight at Port 
Arthur, made short stops at some points on the north coast of Lake 
Superior, in order that members might see something of this beautiful 
but little visited district. 
At Coldwell the geologists examined the famous exposures of nepheline syenite 
visible along the railway track. 
Proceeding east, the normal syenite was first seen, then a rock containing abundant 
nepheline with some hydronephelite in places, and, continuing east, the rock seemed 
to take on gradually all the characters of an essexite. In places the red hydronephelite 
was most conspicuous. On the way back a camptonite (?) dyke was noticed cutting the 
nepheline syenite, and passing the station the coarse-grained rocks of the cutting west 
of it were studied. The rock here was seen to be of very coarse grain, the felspars 
often attaining a very large size; it seemed to approach a laurvigkite in general 
composition. 
Wednesday, September 3.—At Suppury, Ont. (5185 m., 857 ft.), a 
stop was made in order to visit some of the mines in the vicinity: from 
this area comes the greatest output of nickel in the world and an important 
output of copper. 
The three companies operating in the Sudbury area, in order of seniority, are 
the International Nickel Company, with offices at Copper Cliff; the Mond Nickel 
Company, at Coniston, and the British America Nickel Corporation, at Nickelton. 
The ores, which consist essentially of pyrrhotite and copper pyrites, are reduced 
to a matte containing approximately 80 per cent. of the metals, nickel and copper. 
The International Nickel Company refines its matte at Port Colborne, Ont., not far 
