OFFICIAL JOURNEYS. 489 
from Niagara Falls, with the exception of that which is used in the production of 
money metal at Huntington, W. Virginia, where malleable nickel is also made. 
The refinery of the Mond Company is at Clydach, near Swansea, in Wales. The 
matte of the British America Corporation is refined at Deschenes, Quebec, not far 
from Ottawa, Ontario. Each company has its own refining process. These processes 
differ greatly. While the International Nickel Company produces electrolytic 
nickel, most of this metal is obtained from the matte by means of the well-known 
Orford process of smelting. In the Mond process the nickel is extracted from the 
roasted matte, in a state of fine division, by carbon-monoxide gas. The British 
America Corporation’s refining process is an electrolytic one known as the Hybinette. 
About fifty of the party left the special trains at Sudbury to travel by 
ordinary train direct to Montreal or Quebec, there joining steamers for 
England. 
Thursday, September 4.—The arrival of the special trains at ToRonTO 
(North Station) in the morning brought the excursion to an end, after a 
journey of 5396 miles by rail. 
The foregoing notes cannot purport to indicate fully the manifold 
interests of the journey. For example, so numerous were the opportunities 
presented to all the members of the Association of observing what is being 
done to utilise the natural resources of the Dominion that it was un- 
necessary for the economist members to arrange a special series of visits 
or expeditions. At Cobalt, Kirkland Lake, Timmins, Iroquois Falls, and 
elsewhere, the conditions and types of labour attracted their attention ; 
and they were also peculiarly interested in the grain elevators and in the 
whole mechanism of wheat transport from West to East. A special visit, 
however, was paid by some of them to a salmon cannery at Vancouver ; 
while individual members were invited to address gatherings of business 
men at Winnipeg and Victoria, and were also shown the welfare institutions 
of Winnipeg. It is hardly necessary to add that all members interested 
in education had an unique opportunity of studying the remarkable 
developments in that direction which are taking place through the 
universities of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, 
as wellasinthe schools. Reverting to the special interests of the biologists, 
it may be observed that, in addition to their visits and side-excursions to 
which reference has been made, both botanists and entomologists used 
every halt, however brief, during waking hours, to descend from fe 
train in order to collect in the vicinity of the track. 
Members who went direct from the British Isles to Toronto and ee 
and made the western excursion, travelled in all a distance of approximately 
11,700 miles. 
Norz.—Further particulars regarding the engineering interests of the journeys will 
be found in Engineering, October 10, p. 506, and October 17, p. 5389 (1924), and in 
The Engineer, September 5, p. 268. The last article refers in particular to the journey 
made before the meeting by some of the engineering members from Montreal up the 
St. Lawrence River, and to Brockville, Ont., when the locations of proposed hydro- 
electric schemes, subsequently discussed in Section G, were viewed. This party were 
guests of the Montreal Harbour Commission, and of the Ontario Hydro-electric 
Commission, whose consulting engineer, Mr. R. S. Lea, organised the journey. 
