H.—ANTHROPOLOGY. 187 
There is one further point connected with the western side of the Delta 
that must be noted. Glazeware (and glass) in Egyptian is called tehent ; 
this was one of the chief articles of export of Tehenu-land. Just as we 
use the word ‘ china’ for a kind of porcelain which first came to us from 
China, so the Egyptians called glass thn.t after the country of the 
north-western Delta from which they derived it. Here in this western 
side of Lower Egypt is an almost wholly unexplored field for the 
anthropologist. 
I have already referred to the pastoral deity Anzety, who, in the 
Pyramid Age, was Chief of the nomes of the Eastern Delta. Among all 
the nome-gods he is the only cne that is figured in human form; he 
stands erect, holding in his right hand the shepherd’s crook and in his 
left the goatherd’s ladanisterion. On his head is a bi-cornute object 
that is connected with goats, and on his chin is a false beard curled 
at the tip. He was not an oxherd, but a shepherd and goatherd. In 
later times the figure of this deity, in hieroglyphic writing, is regularly 
used'as the determinative sign of the word ity, ‘ ruling prince,’ 
sovereign,’ a term that is applied only to the living king. In the 
Pyramid Texts, Anzety is entitled ‘ Head of the Eastern nomes,’ and 
these included the ancient one of the Oxyrrhynchus-fish, where, later, 
the ram or goat was the chief cult-animal. Neither the domesticated 
sheep nor the goat can be reckoned as Egyptian in origin; they both 
came into Hgypt from Western Asia. We have, therefore, in this 
pastoral deity Anzety evidence of immigration from the west. The 
only wild sheep inhabiting the continent of Africa is the Barbary sheep, 
and this animal was not the ancestor of any domesticated breed. Both 
the sheep and the goat are essentially mountain animals, though sheep 
in the wild state do not as a rule frequent such rugged and precipitous 
ground as their near relatives the goats, but prefer more open country. 
Sheep browse in short grass ; goats feed upon the young shoots of shrubs 
and trees. The domesticated goat is generally recognised as descended 
from the wild goat (Capra hircus egagrus) of Syria, Asia Minor, Persia, 
and the Mediterranean Isles. Two breeds of domesticated sheep were 
known to the Egyptians. The sheep of the earliest historical period 
down to the Middle Kingdom was a long-legged variety (Ovis longipes), 
with horns projecting transversely and twisted. This breed was the 
only one known in the earlier periods of Egyptian history; it was the 
predominant breed in the Middle Kingdom, but soon after the beginning 
of the Empire it appears to have become rare or extinct in Egypt, and 
was superseded by a variety with horns curving forwards in a sub- 
circular coil, Both varieties of domesticated sheep, according to 
Lydekker, were introduced into Egypt through Syria. 
Among the cult-objects of the cities over which the god Anzety pre- 
sided were two which, I believe, can definitely be referred to trees 
that were not indigenous to the soil of Egypt. but to Syria. One of 
these cult-objects is the so-called Ded-column. This was one of the 
holiest symbols of the Egyptian religion. It has four cross-bars at the 
top like superposed capitals. | Sometimes a pair of human eyes are 
shown upon it, andthe pillar is draped: sometimes a human form is 
given to it by carving a grotesque face on it, robing the lower part, 
