SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—J. 483 
“at. Special abilities common to most engineering trades. A consideration on 
some of these abilities, with specific examples in vocational testing. 
4 Dr. G. H. Mines.—Lecture on Vocational Guidance. 
Friday, September 14: 
5. Dr. G. H. Mines.—Effects of Glare in Industrial Lighting. 
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. Mr. W. Prercy.—The Relations of Psychology and Economics. 
7. Presidential Address by Dr. C. Burr on The Mental Differ 
ences between Individuals. (See p. 215.) 
8. Miss Evetyn Fox.—Mental Deficiency. 
9. Mr. H. Banister.—The Relation of Phase and Pitch in the 
Localisation of Tones. 
Triode oscillators were used to produce the tones used. Each observer, 
who was seated by himself in the sound-proof room, noted the deviation caused 
in the apparent position of the sound by varying the phase difference of the 
two notes from 0° to 90°. Two observers reported constant amounts of devia- 
tion (90° and 45°) for all frequencies; tivo others gave constant deviations of 
45° for all but low frequencies, for which larger deviations were obtained ; 
other observers gave reports showing individual differences. The results are 
compared with those obtained by other experimenters. 
10. Mr. J. H. Kenneru.—Mental Reactions to Olfactory Stimuli. 
Experiments were made on fifty persons, with a view to investigating mental 
reactions to smells, particularly in order to determine the effects and associations 
induced by certain odorous substances. 
While variations in the effect produced by a given odour are noted, a 
standard effect can be determined, and marked deviations from this effect can 
be explained in some cases. Sexual differences in the effect can be observed in 
he case of certain stimuli—e.g. musk. Metabolic causes can be ascribed to 
alteration of the effect in female subjects. 
Associations were given in the majority of cases, and their classification 
presents difficulties. Certain associations are more common than others, how- 
ever; individual associations cannot be foretold. | Word associations to smells 
an be investigated and utilised in a similar manner as those to words. 
Owing to the vivid and extensive character of the associations, a carefully 
selected series of odours can be used as an adjunct to the usual psycho-analytic 
methods. Conversion phenomena (particularly psycho-galvanic reactions), 
delayed reaction time, and other complex indicators have been noted, and some 
'amnesize have been revealed. Certain odorous substances produce a greater 
variety of associations than others, and further experiments on a large scale 
are required in order to determine which osmyls are most valuable in this 
respect. 
Dr. Marauerite E. Bickersteta.—Psychograms: An HEzxperi- 
mental Investigation of the Genesis and Development of 
Number Forms. 
Mr. Eric Farmer.—Lecture on A Psychological Inquiry into 
Coal-mining. 
_ A new method of using the pick, in which greater attention was paid to 
the natural rhythm of the body, was taught to certain groups of miners by 
eans of a metronome. The miners themselves approved of the change, and 
said they went home feeling less tired than when they employed the usual 
nethod ; their output also increased. 
