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SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—M. 501 
2. Messrs. W. A. Hoy, A. T. R. Marrick, and Dr. R. Stenuovusz- 
Wiuiams.—The Influence of Research upon the Methods of 
Handling Whole Milk. 
3. Presidential Address by Dr. C. Crowrner on Science and 
the Agricultural Crisis. (See p. 2738.) 
4 Mr. A. Hay.—Farm Management and Agricultural Economics 
in Relation to the Development of Agricultural Education. 
Farming is a commercial undertaking, and as much a business as cotton 
manufacturing, shipbuilding, or coal-mining. It is subject to business prin- 
ciples, and reacts to economic influences. Success is largely the result of 
individual effort, and the farmer must have some knowledge of the economic 
principles which underlie the effective administration of the farm. 
It must be admitted, however, that to be successful a farmer must possess 
a knowledge of the sciences underlying the practice of agriculture, and he 
must have a detailed knowledge of agricultural practice and farm routine. 
The object of farm management is to obtain from the various enterprises 
the highest returns consistent with a broad-minded and far-sighted policy, 
and the study of the subject revolves round the administration and organisation 
of the farm. 
Agricultural economics, on the other hand, are more widespread in their 
scope, and deal with the study of commercial and political economics as applied 
to agriculture from a national welfare and an international point of view. 
The methods of study are described in some detail, and stress is laid on 
the value of such training for the young farmer or future teacher, advisory 
officer and administrator in agriculture. 
Friday, September 14. 
5. Mr. G. R. CuarKe.—Ammonia and Nitrate in Woodland Soils. 
6. Joint Discussion with Section F on The Economic Outlook for 
British Agriculture. Opened by Mr. A. W. Asupy. 
Competition of imported goods not only in quantity but in quality. Some 
imports setting standards of quality and of presentation. Organisation of the 
trade in imports. Inspection and standardisation. The connection between 
systems of marketing and of production at home and abroad. The British 
methods of distribution of farm products and their costs and results. Possible 
improvement of British systems of marketing, transport, and distribution of 
goods. Success of British agriculture depends upon the appeal of its products 
to the consumer, and the costs and prices at which they can be delivered. 
Saturday, September 15. 
An excursion took place to Lactose Factory, Haslington, and Farms 
in the Nantwich area. 
Monday, September 17. 
7. Mr. E. H. Rivsout.—The Soils of Wirral. 
The Geological Survey recognises here Triassic sandstones, Glacial clays and 
sands, alluvium and recent sands. This general classification has been adopted 
as a basis for soil survey, samples being taken on each formation to establish 
their characteristics by chemical and mechanical analysis. 
A rapid preliminary survey of the vegetation justifies the subdivision of 
soils adopted. Examination of the crops and the distribution of permanent 
