DALY: GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF LABRADOR. 225 
of atmospheric erosion and their slopes as the graded surfaces of moun- 
tains normally subdued to relatively tame form by that agency. The 
same stage of development awaits their more acuminate neighbors. Gla- 
cial erosion has thus not only not reduced the higher summits to flowing 
outlines ; by reason of the fact that glaciation has been confined to the 
valleys, it has even greatly steepened many slopes and given a more rugged 
aspect to the landscapes than belonged to them in preglacial times. One 
must ascribe a good share of the wild picturesqueness of the range to its 
profound trenching by valley-glaciers. During the glacial period, the 
Torngats seem to have formed a great dam facing the central névé of Lab- 
rador which thus lay on the Kangiva side. It was only here and there 
that ice-tongues crept over the low transverse passes, overflowed into the 
larger longitudinal valleys, and reached the Atlantic through the corre- 
sponding valleys on the east. At that time, the range appeared in the 
form of a large number of gigantic nunataks projecting from one to per- 
haps five thousand feet above the ice. There resulted among the salient 
features of the mountain-belt, the long east and west fiords, of which 
Nachvak Bay is doubtless the finest example. 
Tae GeoLocy. — Crystalline schists form the principal constituents 
of the range. Near Hebron, the Johannesberg (2200 feet) is the loftiest 
of the high points which begin the chain on the south. At this mission 
station, the rocks were examined and found to be common biotite gneiss 
and amphibolites, intersected by trap dikes. The schists here trend due 
northwest, fairly conforming in attitude with the general trend of the 
southern Torngats. Bear Island, a half dozen miles to the eastward, 
exhibits a splendid exposure of the dikes. Similar, though much larger, 
ones can be traced on the cliffs all the way to Nachvak, a distance of 
seventy miles. They are usually vertical, often as much as three hun- 
dred feet in breadth and always in contrast with the schists into which 
they have been intruded. They are particularly developed on the flanks 
of Mt. Blow-me-down (ca. 3500 feet). The continued prevalence of 
these intrusives along the coast for the seven hundred miles from the 
Straits is, indeed, one of the most notable phenomena of its geology. 
The Ramah Sedimentary Series. — The enterprise of Prof. Delabarre 
and Mr. Adams permits of the introduction at this place of some interest- 
ing data regarding a very extensive stratified cover which appears to 
bear the same relation to the crystalline complex as that of the Mugford 
sediments. They left the schooner at Hebron and walked over the 
mountains a distance of one hundred miles to the Hudson’s Bay Post 
in Nachvak Bay, where they boarded the vessel again. They crossed 
