DALY: GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF LABRADOR. 229 
measured by Captain Bolton of the British Navy. * On the opposite side 
of the Tallek is the slightly lower but equally majestic Kutyautak. The 
twenty-five-hundred-fvot cliffs of the latter have slopes of from fifty to 
eighty degrees. Yet more imposing, perhaps, are the extremely rugged 
cliffs of the Tessyuyak near its head. They were estimated at twenty- 
five hundred feet in height on both shores. Their striking character is 
due not only to altitude and the narrowness of the bay, here but a half 
mile in width, but also to the greatly variegated color of the rocks. 
The usual neutral tones of the cliffs in the Torngats is exchanged for 
an irregular association of browns, reds, greens, yellows, slaty blue, 
grays and even white, according to the nature and condition of the 
schists or of the products of efflorescence. 
While the fiord walls, varying thus from fifteen hundred to thirty- 
four hundred feet in height, are relatively continuous and enclose a well- 
defined trench, their sky-lines are often broken down by lateral notches. 
Some of them belong to glaciated valleys, the bed-rock floors of which 
lie below sealevel. Such inlets are more or less filled with deltas and 
alluvial fans built out by rapid brooks and torrents. Still more numer- 
ous are side-valleys that characteristically mouth at varying heights 
above the fiord waters. From Kipsimarvik (the Hudson’s Bay Post) 
to the Narrows, twenty-two well developed cirques or corries from 
three to eight hundred yards in length were counted. The small 
streams draining them leave the corries at altitudes varying from one 
to two thousand feet above the sea. Identical in form and relations 
with the amphitheatres lining the larger glaciated valleys of the Alps, 
of Norway, of Scotland, and of the Rocky Mountains, they may best be 
explained as the result of very local but intense erosion of small ice- 
tributaries feeding the now vanished main glacier that once occupied 
Nachvak Bay. (ef. Plate 5.) Other “hanging valleys” of much 
greater dimensions are likewise found. The most important of these is 
drained by the large stream furnishing most of the water in the pictur- 
esque cascade “ Korlortodluk,” two miles east of Kipsimarvik (Plate 6). 
The main leap of this fall was found by barometric means to be three 
hundred and seventy-five feet high; the total height of cascading water 
visible from the bay is five hundred and twenty-five feet, but the valley 
floor really appears at a height of seven hundred and fifty feet above 
the sea. The fiord is five. hundred feet deep opposite the waterfall. 
There is thus a total discordance of twelve hundred and fifty feet in the 
altitude of the main and lateral valley floors. On an estimated gra- 
dient of two hundred feet to the mile, the lateral valley turns north- 
