232 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
gravel, and small boulders abound. Mr. Ford states that, after a heavy 
snowstorm, as many as twenty or thirty avalanches may, in the suc- 
ceeding twenty-four hours be expected to fall within sight or sound of 
the Post. These slides always bring a greater or less amount of loose 
rock with them which, in winter, will find a temporary resting place on 
the frozen surface of the fiord, and gradually build a fringe of débris 
resting on the ice parallel to the shores. As might be expected, the 
number of these falls is greater in the spring than at any other time of 
the year. The marks made by the bounding boulders where they strike 
soft ground were found to be in the month of August, extremely fresh, 
and must have been formed only a few days previously. Mr. Palmer 
saw one boulder six feet in diameter fall from the wall of the Tallek, and, 
after its last rebound, leap fully a thousand feet before it struck the sur- 
face of the water. As in the Alps, there is a certain element of danger 
in travelling on these slopes. 
It is not to the credit of American geographical enterprise that the 
Torngats are to-day unnamed, unmeasured, unknown in any scientific 
sense ; yet they doubtless represent the highest land on the mainland of 
the American Atlantic seaboard from Hudson’s Strait to Cape Horn. 
Lieber stated that “they are not less than 6,000 feet high, and some 
peaks may be 10,000 feet high.” Koch later remarked that “the highest 
points of this range are opposite the island of Aulatsivik, and reach 
elevations of from 8,000 to 9,000 feet.” ? 
One short fortnight was quite insufficient to permit of any exhaustive 
work on the determination of altitudes, especially as there were other 
and more important problems which engaged our attention while the 
“ Brave” lay anchored at Kipsimarvik. Partly for this reason, only a 
few of the lower and nearer mountains were ascended. (Plate 12.) 
Immediately back of the Hudson’s Bay Post, on the northeast, a 
rounded knob was found, with the aid of two standard compensated ane- 
roids, to be twenty-eight hundred feet above high water. It was called 
by our party “ Mt. Elizabeth,” after the young daughter of the Hudson’s 
Bay agent. This mountain is separated by a profound notch from “ Mt. 
Ford,” named after the agent himself. It lies still farther to the north- 
eastward ; its altitude, determined again by the barometers, is thirty- 
nine hundred feet. From the summit a superb panorama is obtained 
on all sides. Due north, two conspicuous peaks some four miles distant 
across a deep east-west valley, cut off some of the view. The western- 
most was ascended by Professor Delabarre and Mr. Adams and deter- 
1 Quoted by Packard, “ The Labrador Coast,” p. 228. 
