DALY: GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF LABRADOR. 201 
much after the manner of similar deposits in the High Sierras.1. It 
abuts directly against the bed-rock on the east where the lateral 
moraines are wanting. ‘This great deposit, so unlike in composition 
and form any other considerable glacial product seen in northern 
Labrador, was interpreted in the field as a ground moraine. It is 
trenched to a depth of more than five hundred feet by the Kogarsuk, 
toward which the rough plain slopes on either side. 
From seventeen hundred to nineteen hundred feet on Kaputyat moun- 
tain, fresh subangular erratics rest on the ledges. This zone is as recog- 
nizably glaciated as that of the morainal ridges below. But from nineteen 
hundred to two thousand and fifty feet there occurred an abrupt transi- 
tion into the region of an interrupted, typical Felsenmeer in no way 
markedly different from that on Mt. Ford. ‘The rock-fragments are 
sharp-angled, rusted to the deep brown color of the adjacent ledges and 
strikingly different from the gray tints of the fresher ledges and erratics 
below. The transition zone is represented, too, not only in the color, but 
also in the form, of the ledges. Though rapid, the change can be dis- 
tinctly observed from well smoothed profiles to those which are extremely 
ragged. These various phases of transition would be expected if the 
glaciation of the valley had been purely local; its existence in no way 
obscures the essential contrast of the two limiting zones. 
No erratics could be found above two thousand and fifty feet. Above 
and below the ‘transition zone, the general declivity is constant in 
amount, and we cannot ascribe their absence above the zone to a more 
rapid rate of creeping. The residence of erratics on the tops of isolated 
spurs in the lowest zone forbids the idea that they could have crept 
thither from the higher zones. 
The limit of glaciation in the Kogarsuk Valley is seen to be very 
nearly of the same altitude as on the flanks of Mt. Ford and Mt. Eliza- 
beth, namely at twenty-one hundred feet above the sea. 
Taking the Nachvak region as a sample of the whole of the higher 
Torngats, the general conclusion is that these mountains have not 
suffered, during the last advance of the ice-cap, even the limited amount 
of glacial erosion that may be discerned on the summits of Mt. Ktaadn, 
the Presidential range of New Hampshire, Ben Nevis and the neigh- 
boring peaked mountains of the western Scottish highlands, or the rag- 
ged outliers of the Scandinavian plateau. It is probable that the higher 
parts of the Kiglapait and the Kaumajet massifs similarly formed nuna- 
taks overlooking the late Pleistocene ice-sheet. 
1 1. C. Russell, U. S. Geol. Sur., 8th Ann. Rep., 1889, p. 360. 
VOL. XXXVIII. — NO. 5 4 
