DALY: GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF LABRADOR. 257 
upper zone since emergence had taken place. Greater care had to be 
exercised with slopes covered with streaming drift. In such cases, 
masses of clay, small rock-fragments, and boulders compose small tongues : 
or scalloped terraces, the forms assumed by these materials as they are 
washed each year farther and farther down the hill-side. Similar terraces 
were photographed in Alaska by members of the Harriman Expedition. 
Between landing-places, a tolerably good idea of the altitude of the 
highest shore-line could sometimes be attained. The treeless nature of 
the headlands caused the boulders of the upper zone to stand out with 
great clearness in the different profiles of the hills. As our schooner 
hugged the shore pretty closely on the northward, or “downward ” 
journey, the line could often be located within an error of ten or twenty 
feet. If by good fortune, the cairn of a triangulation station were also 
in the view, it was often possible to secure quite useful information con- 
cerning the line. A difficulty in using the cairns was, however, found 
along the northern half of the coast. Not only are the charts of that 
section very incomplete and inaccurate; it was often not possible to 
distinguish the Admiralty cairns from those erected in great numbers 
by the Eskimo on prominent hills, —the ‘‘ American men” of the 
fishermen. 
Finally, it is worth noting that the boulder-limit does not exactly 
represent the actual former level of the sea, which will be a few feet be- 
low the limit. The ancient waves would have an effective reach for 
some distance above high-water mark. 
Table III. summarizes the results of the observations on the highest 
shore-line. At most of the landing-places the land was high enough to 
show the line. At others, all the hills ascended were found to be clean 
swept. (Plate 8.) For each of the latter the elevation of the highest 
hill is given in the table. There also appear the estimated heights of 
the line determined from the schooner on islands and headlands sur- 
mounted by triangulation cairns. The table shows that the uplift on the 
Labrador coast has been greatest near Hopedale. Hamilton Inlet owes 
in part its depth, and, indeed, its very existence as an inlet (it is but 
10 fathoms deep at the Narrows), to the fact that the part of the 
plateau on which it lies has not been elevated as much as the land to 
north and to south. The line rapidly rises as it crosses the Strait of 
Belle Isle, and seems to be about 500 feet in height along the whole 
eastern shore of Newfoundland. It was last observed at St. John’s. 
Signal Hill (508 feet) is clean swept. The ridge on the south side of 
the Narrows is boulder-covered and the line was estimated at the dis- 
