262 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
the stages must be again and again lengthened over their bed-rock foun- 
dations in order to secure a depth of water sufficient to float the small 
eraft. Mr. Mark Gibbons, of St. John’s, has made a study of the question 
for forty years, and has come to the conclusion that elevation is in progress 
along the whole coast. He believes that the rate of uplift is about twice 
as rapid in northern Labrador as in Newfoundland. He has found among 
the older settlements of the island some where the inhabitants are 
in a very unfavorable position for plying their industry on account of 
the rim of just submerged rock-ledges that obstruct the harbors. He 
has asked the older men why they chose such locations for settlement. 
The reply was that they or their fathers had made these harbors when 
the conditions were very different from the present, namely when the 
harbors were deeper. Such qualitative evidence, however great in 
amount, must yield in value to the testimony of even a few bench-marks 
carefully distributed along the coast. It is hoped that, with the co- 
operation of Bishop Marten of the Moravian church, of the missionaries 
under his charge at the various stations, of Dr. Grenfell and of Mr. 
Ford at Nachvak, a description may be published during the coming 
year of eight bench-marks fixed by these gentlemen. One of the stations 
is planned for northern Newfoundland. 
THe ScENERY OF THE EmMerGED Zone. — The coastal landscapes exhibit 
many details which are those expected after the sea-bottom has been 
exposed by elevation. They figure among the most striking proofs of 
crustal movement. 
Within the labyrinth of islands, wave-cutting has done little toward 
modifying the condition of the glaciated ledges. Outlying islands and 
headlands, as, for example, at Sloop (Brig) Harbor, Hopedale, Cape 
Harrison and Cape Strawberry, are usually very ragged and wave-worn 
throughout the wave-swept zone. The same contrast holds in the case 
of many individual islands which are uninjured on the landward side but 
strongly fretted on the seaward face. On the wooded hills of Great 
Bréhat and Cape Rouge in Newfoundland, where the slates and other 
sediments present relatively small resistance to sea-attack, the highest 
shore-line was the more easily determined because of the dissimilarity of 
the ragged zone of emergence and the smoother, erratic-covered zone. 
Benches and strong wave-cut cliffs, at all elevations up to the level of the 
highest shore-line, appear at almost every exposed point on the Labrador. 
An exceedingly picturesque sea-cliff occurs just above a 205-foot beach 
on Pomiadluk Point. Others were particularly noted on Cape Harrison, 
Cape Strawberry, at Sloop Harbor, at Ice Tickle, and at Aillik Bay. 
