110 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. 



The Survey of India has deservedly a world-wide reputation. It is 

 a highly organised and admirable survey, which in its geodetic and other 

 scientific work can bear comparison with any other in the world. On 

 the mapping side its activities are, however, confined solely to topo- 

 graphical work. The Survey of India produces maps on the scales of 

 1-inch, i-inch and J-inch to the mile, as well as various smaller scales. 

 Revision of these topographical maps is contemplated, but exists more 

 in theory than in practice. The Survey prints and publishes its own maps. 



Cadastral work in India is done on a provincial basis. A native 

 official called the patwari of each village is responsible for keeping up to 

 date a map of his village, with its property boundaries. In some provinces 

 the technical part of these surveys is done under an officer lent by the 

 Survey of India. 



Ceylon has a fijst-rate Survey, which is responsible for all operations ; 

 and the same applies to the Federated Malay States Survey. Similarly, 

 most of the African Colonies and Protectorates have a single survey 

 authority, responsible for all survey work in the country. Examples are 

 the Gold Coast, Nigeria, and Uganda, in which, although the survey is in 

 an early stage and much territory remains to be done, the organisation 

 and the programme of work are complete and comprehensive, and often 

 include schools of training for natives, and full equipment for reproducing 

 and printing their own maps. On the other hand, we get Nyasaland, 

 with a ' Lands Officer ' and a negligible staff ; and Northern Rhodesia, 

 where a very small staff is wholly occupied with cadastral work, and has 

 neither the means nor the opportunity to undertake much-needed 

 trigonometrical and topographical work. 



In both Australia and New Zealand a great deal of cadastral work is 

 done, in the form of surveys of property and lands, frequently isolated ; 

 but in neither country is there, so far as my information goes, any system 

 of cadastral survey organised on the lines we have been considering. 



New Zealand has a few topographical maps, mainly of manoeuvre 

 areas, produced under the military department. In Australia topo- 

 graphical maps are, according to my information, almost completely 

 lacking. New South Wales has a triangulation of the highest class, and 

 a certain amount exists in other states. Proposals have been made for 

 carrying out a geodetic survey of the whole of the States under Federal 

 arrangements ; but these proposals contemplated only the establishment 

 of first and second order triangulation, and as far as I am aware did not 

 even entertain the idea of carrying the work through to the stage of 

 mapping. 



I will now give a short account of the Ordnance Survey of Great 

 Britain,^ following it with some remarks on the survev situation in the 

 Dominion of South Africa. 



The Ordnance Survey began its work as a properly constituted survey 



^ The Ordnance Survey used to be ' of Great Britain and Ireland ' ; but since 

 the establishment of the Irish Free State the surveys of that State and of Northern 

 Ireland have been independent. The description given applies, however, equally to 

 the maps of Ireland as to those of Great Britain. 



