SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— F, G. 361 



although one can conceive of particular cases in which such indeterminateness might 

 be important in this connection, as, for example, where the inelasticity of demand for 

 the contribution of a producing group makes possible a change in the division of the 

 value of the product without resort to restriction of numbers {e.g. by restriction of 

 output and work-sharing devices, such as short time by a trade union), yet the demand 

 for labour, for instance, is seldom likely to be inelastic in the long run. For this and 

 other reasons which will be elaborated later, it seems that, in practice, gains effected 

 through combination, on both sides, are secured at the expense (a) of excluded com- 

 petitors, (6) of the consumer. From these and other considerations will be deduced 

 an explanation of the widespread tendency, observable since the beginning of the 

 nineteenth century, towards what might be termed ' tacit joint monopoly,' such as 

 the protection of the ' good ' or ' generous ' against the unscrupulous ' employer,' 

 the existence and significance of which phenomenon has, perhaps, been insufficiently 

 recognised. 



SECTION G.-ENGINEERING. 



(For reference to the publication elsewhere of communications entered in the 

 following list of transactions, see p. 428. J 



CAPE TOWN. 



Tuesday, July 23. 



Refrigeration : — 



(a) Dr. EzER Griffiths, F.R.S. — Description of Latest Work in Britain: 

 Refrigeration Research for the Food Investigation Board. 



The work has been plaimed by an engineering committee of the Board and carried 

 out at the N.P.L. It includes a study of the heat-insulating properties of materials 

 used for the insulation of refrigerated ships and land stores. The thermal conductivity 

 and moisture absorption of various substances have been determined. Mechanical 

 strength tests have been made on cork board. 



Attention has been given to the testing of small refrigerating plants for domestic 

 use. Representative temperature measuring outfits of the distant reading type were 

 submitted to a series of tests and recommendations made for various modifications. 

 A new design of resistance thermometer outfit has been constructed. 



A study has been made of the Ewing ball and tube flowmeter using various fluids. 

 Some commercial types have also been studied on a small scale. 



Consideration has been given to the question of humidity measurements at low 

 temperatures, and a number of modified forms of hygrometers of the wet and dry 

 bulb, the dew-point and hair type devised to meet special requirements. In addition, 

 other instruments required for biological investigations have been devised, and 

 mention might be made of a dew deposition recorder which records the occurrence 

 of dew deposit. 



Certain thermophysical constants required for the completion of entropy-tempera- 

 ture diagrams have been determined. 



(6) Mr. E. A. Griffiths. — Description of Recent Work in South Africa. 



Col. J. G. Rose and Prof. Duncan McMillan. — Alcohol Mixtures as Fuels, 



Wednesday, July 24. 



Roads and Problems of Town Planning : — 



(a) Sir Henry Maybury, K.C.M.G., C.B.—The More Recent Changes 

 affecting British Highways. 



A country achieves the solution to its own Highwaj's and Trafiic problems, based 

 upon its own special conditions of topography, climate, population, &c. The more 

 recent changes afEecting British Highways may prove of interest. 



The British Road System vsdthin the last ten years has become stabhshed and 

 secured. A financial scheme has been evolved and extensive works of construction 



