SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 371 



Almost all of these are explicable on a phylogenetic basis, the majority being 

 conditions normally present either in the Simjidae or in the CercopithecidsB, while 

 a few are best explained by comparison with conditions found in the Insectivora. 



The flexor digitomm brevis is by far tiie most variable muscle in the Bantu foot, 

 more than half of the total number of anomalies being found in this one muscle. 



The conclusion is warranted that the musculature of the Bantu foot is less stable, 

 and more prone to reversionary changes, than that of the European. 



Mr. J. GiLLMAN. — The Bush, Bantu and European Sacra. 



An investigation of the Bush, Bantu and European sacra of the skeletons in the 

 collection of the Anatomy department, University of the Witwatersrand, demon- 

 strates that the Bantu and Bush have certain distinctive features by means of which 

 they may be distinguished from each other and from the European. Further, liner 

 details in structure reveal that there are definite sex diiierences in the make up of 

 the sacra of the South African races. 



(a) Racial. — In the Bantu there is a strong tendency for a six- vertebral, and in 

 the Bush for a four- vertebral, sacrum to predominate. 



The absolute straight length of the sacrum is greatest in the Bantu and smallest 

 in the Bush ; the reduction in breadth between the second and third vertebrae is 

 relatively as great in the Bantu as in the European, but in the Bush it is relatively 

 greater than either of these two races ; the absolute straight breadth is greatest in 

 the European and smallest in the Bush ; the maximum breadth of the base is 

 greatest in the European and least in the Bush. 



There is a distinct morphological difference between the spines of the Bush and 

 Bantu and European; especially is this noticeable in the first and in the last two 

 spines. 



The European sacrum is hyper- or homo-basal, the Bantu male is hypobasal, and 

 the female is homo- or hyper-basal ; the Bush female is hyperbasal and the male 

 hjrpobasal. 



(b) Sexual. — The superior aspect of the ala of the sacrum in the European is a 

 plane flat surface. In the Bantu male it is divided into two plane surfaces, namely, 

 a larger antero-superior triangular area and a smaller posterior quadrangular surface. 

 In the male Bush the superior aspect of the sacrum is smaller and has almost the 

 same features as the Bantu. The female Bush presents the same characters as the 

 Bantu female, but in the Bush these characters are more exaggerated. 



The morphology of the fades auricularis may be employed to determine both 

 race and sex of a sacrum. In the male Bush and Bantu the auricular surface 

 extends on to the dorsum of the sacrum ; in the female, -nith few exceptions, it does 

 not. The area of this surface is greatest in the Bantu and smallest in the Bush. The 

 number of pieces of the sacrum included in the fades auricularis varies in the three 

 races. There is a slight sexual difference in the Bush. There is a difference in 

 shape of the auricular surface and in the curve of male and female Bush and male 

 and female Bantu. 



Further, racial and sexual differences are to be found in (a) variation in the 

 development of the mammillary processes (6) the structure of the sacro-iliac joint. 



(c) Non-Bantu Types. — Firstly, there are a number of Bantu sacra which exhibit 

 a number of non-Bantu characters repeating those of the Boskopoid sacrum found 

 at Zitzikama. Secondly, the auricular surface of some of the Bantu sacra shows 

 a striking similarity to the same surface ascribed by Pycraft to Rhodesian Man. 

 Thirdly, the extreme hypobasaUty present in some of the Bantu, and the type of 

 auricular surface associated with that basality, is closely akin to that of the human 

 sacrum from loess at Honan described by Matsumoto (1915). 



Dr. Lewis R. Shore. — A Report on the Spinous Processes of the Cervical 

 VertebrcB in. the Native Races of South Africa. 



A survey has been made of the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae in a 

 series of 94 human skeletons, including 11 Europeans, 68 Bantus, 12 Bushmen, and 

 3 presumed Eurafricans. 



It appears that bifurcate cervical spinous processes account for about 65 per 

 cent, in Europeans, 18 per cent, in Bantus, and about 4 per cent, of the total 

 numbers of vertebrae numbered 3 to 7. 



BB 2 



