278 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE, ETC. 
While the pupils are taught practical work, great care is taken to prevent the course 
from losing its educational character. The pupils are given practice in the usual 
manual operations, but are not expected to take the place of workmen on the farm. 
It is to be understood that the same teaching staff is used for the farm course as for 
the ordinary school work. Details of the Agricultural Course :— 
(1) Agricultural Science: Soils, crops, rotations, manures and manuring, live 
stock, dairying, poultry-keeping, bee-keeping, laboratory work where possible. 
(2) Practical Work : Butter-making, cheese-making, milking, milk-testing, poultry 
management, bee-keeping, feeding and care of stock in general, field operations. 
(3) Horticulture: Common garden crops and their cultivation, orchard manage- 
ment, varieties of fruit, practical work in planting, pruning, spraying, etc. 
(4) Zoology : 
(a) Anatomy and physiology of farm animals, including dentition, simple 
first-aid, etc. 
(6) Economic zoology—insect pests of animals and crops. 
(5) Botany : 
(a) General botany, with special reference to plants of agricultural importance. 
(6) Special study of grasses. 
(c) Economic botany—fungoid diseases of plants. 
(6) Book-keeping and commercial correspondence. 
(7) Arithmetic, mensuration, and simple surveying. 
(8) English—literature and composition. 
(9) Drawing—art. 
(10) Woodwork (practical), including simple repairs as they become necessary 
on the farm. 
(11) Woodwork drawing and scale drawing. 
(12) General science, including elementary electricity and mechanics. 
13. At Bedales (180).—Outdoor manual work is considered from the educational 
point of view an essential part of school training for all pupils, as well as fitting some 
for a particular career. 
The greater part of two afternoons a week is given to such work throughout the 
school, and more is arranged for those who choose this line at the age of 15-16, when 
choice is allowed. 
In brief, the work consists of : (a) Workshop and out-of-door work—levelling, 
care of playing-fields, gardens, road-making, etc.; (b) Farm work—haymaking, 
potato-digging, etc., according to season as required ; (c) General farm-work for those 
who wish it, including milking and dairy work. 
There is a farm of 80 acres attached to the school, with a regular farm staff working 
it. In addition there are gardens and orchard. Two or three senior boys are generally 
doing regular work on the farm. 
SyxiitaBus.—The application of live science to the Junior School consists essentially 
of practical work in the form of nature study in the field and garden, with laboratory 
work and demonstration where possible. This enables the students to become 
familiar with the various forms of living matter in so far as the above work concen- 
trates on wild flowers and their localities, aquaria, growth and forms characterising 
plant and animal life. 
On passing into Block 4 instruction takes the dominant form of introducing 
the physical and chemical aspects of matter and the inculcating of ideas of organic 
as opposed to inorganic matter. The conclusion of the Block 4 course entails the 
application of these principles to biological life, taking a typical higher plant and a 
typical higher animal. 
The work of Block 3 is that of pursuing and amplifying the line adopted in Block 4. 
Evolution is emphasised, geographical applications correlated, soils and elementary 
types of animal and plant life introduced. The essential divergencies and inter- 
dependences of plant and animal life, together with their practical and commercial 
applications, form the final points of study in this course. 
Thus, by the time a student is due to enter the examination form (Block 2) he is 
fitted to adapt himself to any course requiring live science, whether it be for specialist 
botany or geological work, work of bacteriological application, medical degrees, 
honours degrees, or agriculture. 
Throughout the course the chemistry and physics courses are so correlated that 
the biological work is built on the student’s knowledge of these subjects, up to any 
given point. 
