B24 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—E. 
SECTION E.—GEOGRAPHY. 
(For references to the publication elsewhere of communications entered in the 
following list of transactions, see page 389.) 
Thursday, August 27. 
Morning. 
1. CotoneL-Commanpant E. M. Jack, C.M.G., D.S.O.—The Work of 
the Ordnance Survey. 
The Ordnance Survey, the national survey of Great Britain, responsible for 
survey and mapping of whole country. Unique character of Ordnance Survey. No 
other country in the world provided with such a complete series of maps of all scales, 
systematically revised and available at moderate prices. Description of the various 
classes of maps, large and small scale. Publication and revision of these maps. System 
on which revision is carried out. Revision now the principal work of the Ordnance 
Survey. Levelling. Boundaries. Areas. Work for other Government Depart- 
ments, e.g. War Office; Geological Survey; research; archeology; supply of men 
for surveys abroad; training of survey personnel for war; organisation of staff and 
work. Brief reference to history. ‘ 
2. Captain J. G. WitnaycomBe.—Recent Productions of the Ordnance 
Survey. 
The 1-inch to 1 mile Map.—The 1-inch, the original Standard Small Scale Map of 
the Country. History of the development of maps on this scale. Previous editions. 
Methods of revision. Changes in methods of reproduction. Influence of reproductive 
methods on the character of the map: Copperplate engraving, lithography based on 
transfers from engraved copper plates, heliozincography. The latest l-inch maps: 
The Popular Edition of England and Wales, the Tourist District Maps, the revised 
Popular) Edition of Scotland. 
Delineation of Physical and Man-made Features.—Physical features: Changing 
methods of showing relief—Hachures, hill shading, contours, orographical colouring, 
combinations of these, water, sea-bed contours, sand, rocks, woods, &c. Man-made 
features: Roads, railways, buildings, reservoirs, canals. Importance of the style of 
writing used. Danger of overcrowding the map. Selection of detail to be shown. 
Great variety of uses to which the 1-inch map is put. 
The }-inch to 1 mile Map.—Derivation from the l-inch. Method of drawing and 
reduction. Selection and generalisation of detail. Special symbols. Primary use as a 
road map. 
The new 10 miles to 1-inch scale Map of Great Britain. 
The use of the small scale maps for special purposes: Archeological distribution 
and data. Period maps, the map of Roman Britain. Engineering and Administrative 
uses. The Ministry of Health survey of water resources. Ministry of Transport 
road maps. Value of the outline editions of the maps on each scale as a basis for 
overprinting. 
3. Mr. O. G. 8S. Crawrorp.—Archeology in Ordnance Survey Maps. 
History of archeology in connection with Ordnance Survey Maps. Criticisms of 
methods used in past to denote antiquities, and suggested improvements. Methods of 
revision, and the use of local information. The accurate record of position; co- 
operation with the Inspectors of Ancient Monuments. 
The publication of special archeological maps. The publication of the map of 
Roman Britain, scale 1/M. Future maps on the same scale. 
The use of air-photographs in connection with revision, and for their own sake. 
How they may be used to provide new information. ; 
4. Presidential Address by Mr. A. R. Hinxs, C.B.E., F.R.S., on 
The Science and Art of Map-making. (See page 87.) 
