326 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—E. 
Friday, August 28. 
Morninec. 
7. Joint Discussion with Section K (see page 357) on The Evolution 
and Colonisation of Tidal Lands. 
8. Prof. J. F. Unsteap.—The Geographical Regions of the Iberian 
Peninsula. 
The area is divided into about thirteen main regions, with certain subdivisions, 
grouped into the following types: West European highlands; Transition uplands 
and transition highlands; Mediterranean highlands and Mediterranean lowlands. 
The regions are considered as a biologist would consider organs of an organism, under 
the heads of morphology, physiology, and peculiar function, with suggestions as to 
their evolution and certain abnormal (pathological) conditions. 
AFTERNOON. 
9. Prof. W. H. Hopss.—The Source of the Cold Air of the North Polar 
Front. 
In all theories of general atmospheric circulation the two polar regions have been 
regarded as characterised by entirely similar atmospheric conditions. Contrast 
between the deep north polar basin covered by ice-floes and the south polar con- 
tinent of domed ice surface rising over 3,000 metres above the sea. A vast per- 
manent anti-cyclone in the south ; centrifugal outflow of surface air not regular and 
continuous but characterised by pulsations or strophs, producing alternation of 
calms and fierce blizzards. Similar conditions over Greenland, but over the North 
Pole itself there is normal atmospheric pressure. Bjerknes’ theory of the ‘ Polar 
Front’ assumes that the two poles are alike, and that air around north polar regions 
is of polar origin. Air over north polar seas not of this nature except air from Green- 
land ice-cap. Greenland origin of cold polar air; evidence to be found in North 
Atlantic cyclones. Cyclones from the west rejuvenated by cold air which pours out 
during a stroph of the glacial anti-cyclone. Anti-cyclones of the Greenland and 
Antarctic continents function as the two wind poles of the earth at which the upper 
air currents are drained to the surface, and the cycle of air movement reversed in 
direction. Asymmetry of the system with reference to the equator, combined with 
smaller dimensions of the refrigerating engine over Greenland, together explain the 
northward displacement of the isobaric highs within low latitudes. 
Excursion to Botley, Wickham and the Portsdown anticline for the 
geographical study of a chalk district. Leader, Mr. D. H. Thomson. 
Tea by invitation of the Borough of Portsmouth Water Supply Company. 
Monday, August 31. 
Morning. 
10. Mr. F. E. Wentwortu Sueitps, 0.B.E.—The Port of Southampton. 
The usefulness of this port is due primarily to the fact that it is approached by a 
long channel which is land-locked and consequently well sheltered, and which has an 
extraordinary depth of water, considering that the tidal range and flow are very 
moderate. It is also due to an unusually prolonged period of quiet high tide, which 
gives special facilities for the manceuvring of very large ships. These natural 
advantages, and the causes which have brought them about, are discussed in this paper. 
These primary facilities have been supplemented by building and equipping a 
number of deep water docks and quays which are to-day used by the largest passenger 
and passenger-cargo steamers. These developments are described, and some account 
is given of the various steamship lines which use the port and of the origin and 
destination of the cargoes which they carry. Reference is also made to schemes for 
