SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—I. 349 
2. Dr. C. H. Best.— 
(a) Notes on Preparation and Purification of Insulin. 
(b) Lactic Acid in Insulin Hypoglycemia. 
3. Prof. K. Furusawa—The Physiological Difference between different 
Types of Exercise. 
The activities of the human muscle may be divided into two classes: firstly in 
the body as a whole and secondly in individual muscles. In the body as a whole the 
existence of a ‘ steady state,’ providing that exercise is not severe, is in fair accordance 
with the observations of Fletcher. Exercise can be done on a credit of oxygen to 
be used during the recovery process. The most violent exercise can be maintained 
for less than 0.5 minute, during which the concentration of lactic acid in the active 
muscles, as deduced from the oxygen debt, may reach a value of 0.3 per cent. In 
the case of individual muscles, where the mass of active muscles is smaller than of the 
resting muscles, the following are characteristic points. A steady state can be found 
only for very moderate exercise. In moderate exercise the oxygen intake rises and 
does not attain a steady state even after ten minutes’ exercise. Thus the oxygen 
intake curve in this case is not similar to that of the former case, and accordingly we 
can expect a very large oxygen debt. On the other hand, the most severe exercise 
can be kept up only for about 0.5 minute, because the exercise is so severe that 
accumulation of lactic acid in the active muscles may rapidly reach a maximal point, 
before time has been allowed for the acid to diffuse away. These facts show that the 
elimination of lactic acid from the active muscles is not only a local affair, but this 
acid is in part carried by the blood-stream to the resting muscles where it is eliminated, 
as shown by Meyerhof in the isolated muscle. 
The efficiency of muscular exercise is discussed in the two types of exercise ; one, 
in which the static element is predominant, has a marked optimal speed ; the other, 
in which this element plays only a small réle, has no optimal speed. 
4. Mr. H. P. Marxs.—Blood-Sugar Changes in Experimental. Hyper- 
thyroidism. 
Prolonged feeding with desiccated thyroid gland produces in rabbits first a condi- 
tion in which the injection of sugar leads to a late hyperglycemia ; at a later stage of 
thyroid feeding, an injection of sugar leads to severe hypoglycemia, as if insulin had 
been injected. These phenomena have been analysed by comparing them with the 
paralle) changes observed in the reaction to small doses of insulin. The hypoglycemia 
produced by administering sugar occurs when the sugar is administered orally or 
parenterally. It is attended by a large rise of body temperature. 
AFTERNOON. 
5. Joint Discussion with Section D on The Functional Significance 
of Size. (See page 320.) 
Friday, August 28. 
Morninec. 
6. Prof. Yanpett Henperson.—The Measurement of the Circulation 
in Man. 
7. Dr. G. R. Seacer THomas.—The Artificial Induction of Leuco- 
cytosis (with Notes on its relative Importance in Immunity). 
Methods used for induction of leucocytosis, and their results, including estimation 
of amount and nature of leucocyte increase, experimental gauging of immunity effects, 
and effects on cases: (1) nuclein preparations; (2) quinine bihydrochloride ; 
(3) mercury salicylate ; (4) novarsenobillon ; (5) colloidal manganese ; (6) autogenous 
vaccine; (7) diphtheria antitoxin; (8) sterile saline solution; (9) subject’s own 
blood; (10) bruising; (11) whiskey ; (12) turpentine. 
