354 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—J. 
6. Mr. S. J. F. Partporr.—The Cinema in Education. 
Children were taught by various methods—the cinema, oral lessons, &c.—and 
they were then asked to write essays on what they had learned. 
Essays written after the various lessons differ chiefly in (a) the selection and arrange- 
ment of material, and (b) mode of expression or style. 
Differences in the actual length of the respective essays are much less marked. 
This may be due to the child having a normal ‘essay length,’ to which he usually 
conforms, but it also may be due to the fact that most of the extra details learned 
from pictorial representations are difficult to put into words, e.g. the subtle character- 
istics of the human face, &c. 
Mode of expression was assessed by noting whether statements were particular 
or general. Cinema lessons inspired essays dealing with the actual details presented, 
other lessons tended to produce general statements about the subject-matter, and we 
suggest that there is here evidence of that greater ‘ vividness’ so often claimed for 
memories of things seen on the screen. 
The statistical tables are extremely steady. It is clear that factors underlying 
children’s essays are by no means as fortuitous as their apparent crudeness would 
lead one to believe. 
Boys and girls took part in the experiments. It is a well-known fact that there are 
differences between the sexes in this matter of English composition, and some of those 
differences come out well in our diagrams, girls, for example, being far more given to 
particulars than the boys. 
7. Dr. S. Dawson.—Some Experiments on Kinaesthetic Memory. 
AFTERNOON. 
8. Mr. A. W. Wotters.—Psychological Unity and Psychological Analysis. 
9, Mr. G. D. Morcan.—Notes on a Case of Total Colour-Blindness. 
10. Miss HE. A. Atten.—Some Results of an Experimental Research into 
Character and Temperament. 
The paper gives the results to date of two years’ work upon temperamental and 
character traits. The research consisted in giving two tests to each individual : 
(1) a word-reaction test with an emotion number; (2) a questionnaire. 
The word-reaction test was treated by a time formula suggested by H. T. Moore 
and gave two rankings, the first taken from time reaction and the word response, the 
second from an emotion value given by the subject. : 
The questionnaire was grouped under categories, ten of which corresponded with 
the word-reaction test and gave a third ranking. The correlations between these 
two tests were found, and also those between them and two rankings made by the 
friends of the individual subjects. 
The cases were investigated for reliability, breaking up the original tests into odds 
and evens. From the cases in the reaction and the questionnaire, where the reliability 
was above -50, the intercorrelations of the ten traits treated in the reaction and the 
sixteen in the questionnaire have been made. 
The results of the investigation tend— 
1. To confirm Jung’s finding that delayed reaction time discovers conflict of 
tendencies. 
2. To confirm Moore’s suggestion that quickened reaction time gives the leading 
traits, but only in cases in which the temperament is well marked. 
3. The tests fail to give a completely satisfactory objective ground for estimation 
of temperament, but the correlations between the tests tend to be positive, and 
suggest a correspondence beyond that due to chance. 
4. Detailed examination of the tests reveals something of the complicated nature 
of the factors determining the correlations between the tests. 
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