378 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—L. 
7. Report of the Committee upon The Educational Trainng of Boys 
and Girls in Secondary Schools for Life Overseas. Presented by 
Dr. J. Vareas Eyre, (See page 271.) 
Discussion opened by Mr. H. W. Cousins. 
AFTERNOON. 
8. Joint Discussion with Section J on Recent Investigation upon 
Vocational Guidance. 
Speakers: Prof. C. Burt, Mr. F. M. Harze, Mr...J., W. Cox, 
Mr. E. Sauter Davies. 
Prof. Cvrit Burt.—Vocational Guidance in the School. 
The development and aims of vocational psychology. Vocational guidance, as 
distinguished from, and dependent upon, vocational selection. Vocational guidance 
under the Education (Choice of Employment) Act, 1910. Recent researches on 
vocational guidance in this country. Methods of investigation at present available. 
ScHEME oF CAsnE-STUDY. 
J. Home Conditions. II. Physical Conditions. ILI. Mental Condition. 
A. Intellectual qualities : 
1. Inborn : 
(a) General: (The use of intelligence tests) ; 
(6) Specific: (The need for tests for special capacities such as memory, 
attention, manual dexterity, &c.) ; 
2. Acquired : 
(a) Educational attainments: (The value of standardised scholastic 
tests) ; 
(b) Vocational attainments: (The value of tests of occupational acquire- 
ments, e.g. dressmaking, engineering, shorthand and typewriting). 
B. Temperamental qualities : 
The refinement of the methods of the personal interview; the use of rating 
scales, of key subjects, and of temperamental tests. 
Mr. F. M. Earie.—Recent Investigations in Vocational Guidance. 
Problems of vocational guidance vary with the line of approach. Information is 
required concerning both the person to be advised and occupation to be suggested. 
Methods of obtaining this information. Place and importance of psychological tests 
and methods. Account of current experiment in schools, in which these problems are 
being investigated. Range of inquiry covers, on the one hand, the child’s home and 
family circumstances, health and physique, school attainments and record, intelligence, 
character and temperament, hobbies and interests, manual and mechanical abilities, 
and, on the other, the specific requirements, psychological as well as physical, of the 
commoner occupations. 
Mr. J. W. Cox.—Mechanical Aptitude in relation to Education and 
Vocational Psychology. 
1. The ‘ Mechanical Sense.’—Need of defining its psychological nature and relations 
to other ‘ abilities.’ Deficiencies in existing tests. 
2. New Tests of Mechanical Ability.—Description of new tests, together with an 
account of some experimental facts relating to them. 
3. Existence of a Group Factor—The application of Prof. Spearman’s criterion of a 
single common factor (Proc. Roy. Soc. A, vol. CI., 1922, pp. 97-100) to data collected 
from various types of schools, together with an analysis of the processes involved 
in the tests, indicate the existence of a Group factor provisionally termed 
‘ mechanical aptitude.’ 
4. The Nature of Mechanical Aptitude—Introspective analysis shows that an 
essential requirement is ability to cognise relations between special characters, and to 
find a correlate in the case where the given fundaments and relations are mainly 
spacial. 
