94 BuLivETiN 4 208 



passed over for the present with only this slight notice. 



Since our L. branneri of the Jackson group is extremely close 

 to Fulgiir, it is interesting to note how the last mentioned genus 

 may have been derived from Pleurotoma. The successive steps 

 would be Pleurotoma^ Siircula, Levifusus { pag-oda-like forms), 

 Levifitsus (^z^/^r/-like forms), Levifusus (fradeafus-Yike forms), 

 Levifusiis branfieri, F. echinatmn. Another branch leaves the 

 pag-oda-like prototype and gives off forms like L. dalei and L. 

 blakei with but one spinous strong carination. 



After writing the above we notice that Dall has called atten- 

 tion to the fact that Levifusus is a precursor of Fulgur. In this 

 we agree most heartily; in fact our writings of several years ago, 

 but published only last year, (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila. , 1895, 

 p. 70), plainly state the same fact. We cannot, however, agree 

 with Dall when he ranks Bulbifusus as likewise one of the pro- 

 genitors of Fulgur. We have already shown that Bulbifusus and 

 Mazzalina are synonyms (Ann'l Rep't Geol. Surv. Ark., 1892, 

 p. 165), and hence are Fasciolarioid and not Fulguroid. 



The perculiar reversion of many of t\\e\Levifitsi towards Pleu- 

 rotoma is worthy of special notice. Heilprin described L. pagoda 

 as a Pleurotoma; in the U. S. Nat. Museum we frequently classed 

 it as "'PleurotoDiella.'" Specimems of a form {L. trabeatoides~) 

 from Texas, lyouisiana and Arkansas, both Dall and myself, 

 before carefully studying them, were inclined to place among 

 the PleurotomcB. Even in the Miocene of St. Mary's, Md., there 

 are Fulgurs with a Levifusus or SurculaASk.^ aspect. See F. 

 tuberculatum and F. fusiforme. 



Localities (Midway). — Alabama: Matthews' Landing; i mi. 

 W. of Oak Hill P. O. 



Type. — U. S. National Museum. 



Levifusus suteri, PI. 9, fig. 9. 



Syn. Levifusus suteri Aid., Bull. Am. Pal., No. 2, 1895, p. 11, 

 pi. 3, fig. 4. 



Aldricli' s original description. — "Shell oblong-ovate, whorls 

 seven, the first three smooth, next nodular and angulated. The 

 periphery of each whorl marked by a double spiral line or band 

 carrying nodes where crossed by longitudinal plications; upper 

 part of whorls looking down on same shows a spiral line inside 

 of the peripheral border following the sinuosities of the same; 

 periphery of body whorl spinous and beaded, followed by a broad 

 concave space below, then a second spiral ring, followed by a 

 third space and ring; spiral lines cover the canal; the third spiral 

 ring extending within the aperture; outer lip smooth, aperture 



