188 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. 



In the Cro Magnon type the head is long absolutely, but only moderately 

 long relatively, so the cephalic index is moderate (74-5-6). The malar 

 bones are strong, and it is clear that both the temporal muscles and the 

 muscles for lateral working of the jaws were powerful. The height of the 

 skull is much less than its breadth. The nose and chin are prominent 

 •and narrow. The stature is great. It would seem that the pull of the 

 jaw muscles was exerted well away from the median line, and with this 

 standing out of the jaw muscles at the side seems to be associated the 

 breadth of cheek-bones, orbits and jaws, which is such a marked feature 

 here. The pre-frontal region seems to have grown out to the level of 

 the heavy brows, so that the latter do not project out as strong brow- 

 ridges, though the eyes are deep-set beneath. 



It is difficult to accept either the Briinn or the Briix'" skull-caps as 

 suitable subjects from which to name a race, and there are difficulties 

 about naming it from the allied skull from Combe Capelle. Science is 

 waiting anxiously for a full account of skulls found at Predmost, as it 

 seems likely that these will furnish a useful basis for naming the type. 

 The general characters here are the extreme length and narrowness of 

 the head, so that the cranial index is rarely as high as 73 on the skull, and 

 the strong development of the brow-ridges. It was once supposed that 

 the strong brow-ridges betokened Neanderthaloid kinship, but that idea 

 has been given up, though some have discussed whether the skull-cap 

 recently found at Podkoumok " in the Caucasus should not be included in 

 this group rather than in the Neanderthal group. The accepted distinc- 

 tions between the two groups have included the lowness of the vault in 

 the Neanderthal group, and the fusion in that group of all the elements 

 of the brow-ridges and glabella to form a frontal torus. 



It has, however, been found that some of the Lautsch skulls (Moravia) 

 a.re very low in the vault, and this is true for one from Mechta-el-Arbi 

 (cranial index, however, 76.7) in N. Africa. In one of the Lautsch skulls 

 also the brow-ridges and glabella are fused, though there is nothing like 

 the strength of the frontal torus of the Neanderthal type. It may be that 

 the progress of discovery will lead us to a knowledge of a type approxi- 

 mately ancestral to both the Neanderthal group and the group now under 

 ■discussion, these two representing divergent specialisations. 



From the fact that Briinn, Briix, Lautsch, Predmost are all in Moravia 

 one may speak tentatively of the Moravian group, with the Combe Capelle 

 skeleton as an outlying find in the French Aurignacian. The group is 

 important because it is so widely represented in skulls of subsequent 

 periods and in present-day populations, in both cases with modifications 

 in detail. 



The Combe Capelle, Briinn, and apparently some Predmost skulls are 

 high, with the median line standing out as a ridge. Where it is known, the 

 face is longer and less broad than that of the Cro Magnon type, though 

 iere again the cheek-bones stand out. The nose is sometimes fairly broad, 

 the stature is moderate. 



Menghin has ventured the suggestion that this type may be linked with 



1° Schwalbe, G. ' Die Schildel von Briix,' Z. fiXr Morph. und Anth., 1906. 

 " Fleming, R. M., ' The Podkoumok Skull,' Man, June 1926. Szombathy, J.. 

 ■* Die Mensclienrassen im oberen Palaolithikum,' Mitt. Anth. Ges. Wien, 1926. 



