H.— ANTHROPOLOGY. 195 



there drifted in this direction not only the little peoples with small 

 non-lengthened heads, who reached various points around S.E. Asia, as 

 already mentioned, but also other types. The Tasmanians, for example, 

 also showing spirally curved hair, have heads to some extent lengthened, 

 and the brows are well marked. The Australian natives, with their very 

 long heads and strong brow-ridges, broad flat noses and prominent mouths, 

 are in some ways comparable with the Koranas of S. Africa,^" but have wavy 

 hair growing from fairly straight roots. The height of the head is often 

 small in S.E. Australia, but is great in N. Australia. Their resemblance 

 to the Vedda of Ceylon is universally recognised. 



In Papua and Melanesia, on the other hand, though many of the same 

 skull- and face-characters are present, the hair is in spirals. Nevertheless, 

 it is to be noted that, whereas the African hair is said by Sarasin and 

 Junod to change in character about the time of birth, they claim that 

 the change in Papua and Melanesia comes when the child is from two to 

 four or five years old. In Melanesia it would appear that there is, as one 

 would expect, much admixture. 



As has been indicated, then, the south-easterly drift of the older 

 varieties of modern man seems to be a more varied one than that into 

 inter-tropical Africa, and this is apparently due to the fact that it is a 

 drift from the eastern end of all belts of the zone of occupation of early 

 modern man as well as to complexities of physical geography. One cannot 

 but suppose that the earliest drift in this direction was of people with 

 dark skins, spirally curved hair and non-lengthened heads, but that there 

 followed people with more lengthened heads (Tasmanians in one direction 

 and Melanesians in another, though the two groups are not at all closely 

 related). Subsequently there would seem to have followed people with 

 the fully lengthened head, but with wavy hair, people, however, retaining 

 dark skin. These early drifts have obviously intertwined, as one would 

 expect from the relative narrowness and the great length of the belt through 

 which they moved. 



To understand these drifts a little more closely one may move the 

 coastline of S.E. Asia to about the present 100-fathom line, thus adding 

 Ceylon to India, as well as Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo to the Malay 

 Peninsula and Cambodia. Palawan would then become a peninsula 

 stretching north-eastwards from Borneo, and almost making contact with 

 the Philippines, which again would almost attain contact with N.E. Borneo 

 on the other side of the Sulu Sea. Farther east, Papua would be united 

 to N. Australia, and only narrow straits between N. Australia and Timor, 

 between Timor and an enlarged Lombok-Flores-Ombaya, and between 

 this enlarged island and Bali, would separate the land masses of this 

 region. 



Vni. — North-westward and North-eastward Drifts of Early Types of 

 Modern Man, as Indicated in Present-day Populations. 



Hyperdolichocephalic people occur here and there in the European 

 quadrant of the Old World, in Ireland, Wales, Norway, the Dordogne, 

 Tras-os-Montes in N. Portugal, in Sardinia, in the south-east Carpathian 

 region, and in N. Africa. The appropriate type of skull is a noteworthy 



^^ Broom, op. cit. 



o 2 



