206 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. 



of the soma, and in the case of man, whose development is so closely- 

 linked with varj-ing balances of the influence of endocrine glands, the 

 limping may be fairly nimble after all. 



It seems to me that students of the physiology and morphology of growth 

 are leading us away from both the more extreme Lamarckian and the 

 more extreme anti-Lamarckian view towards a view that takes in many 

 more considerations. The study of growth in children, pre-natally and 

 post-natally, is a matter of urgent scientific importance, but a matter to 

 be done patiently, lest, by taking arrays of children of varied types, even 

 if all English, at various ages, we fall into error, as some have done recently. 

 Every case, to be of real value, should be that of an individual child 

 followed year by year. Any method of arrays presupposes a homogeneous 

 population with one set of general growth tendencies, and such conditions 

 are unattainable. 



This attempt to outline an evolutionary, rather than a taxonomic, 

 survey of the races of man naturally owes a great debt to Dr. Haddon ; 

 to W. Z. Eipley, who pioneered in the direction of historical interpretations ; 

 to Collignon, who saw a long generation ago that there were among us 

 sur\avors of several ancient types of modern man ; to Prof. Myres, to Prof. 

 Elliot Smith's studies of human evolution, to many suggestions in the 

 work of Prof. Sollas and Sir Arthur Keith, Dr. Hrdlicka and Prof. Arthur 

 Thomson, and also to both Prof. R. B. Dixon and Dr. Griffith Taylor, 

 with whose stimulating work readers of this address will gather I do not 

 altogether agree.'" 



A doubt persists in my mind as to the assignment of more than a 

 somewhat limited value to taxonomic treatment of the question. It 

 seems worth while to think rather of regional gatherings-together of physical 

 characters. 



A special attempt has been made to suggest the part played by the 

 development of social life in the evolution of human physique, and the 

 importance of parental care. These factors seem in particular to have 

 led in certain circumstances to a vast liberation of individual initiative 

 within our human societies, especially after the development of intercourse 

 between groups. 



We must speedily undertake more and more biological observation 

 and measurement among ourselves, and we must exercise ever more care 

 in treatment of our measurements. Averages of cases which are not 

 properly homologous should not be made lest we mask the biological truth 

 in mathematical abstractions. If our anthropological work can but go on 

 becoming more biological, gaining insight into physiology, especially of the 

 brain and the endocrine organs and their correlations with growth, I venture 

 to think that Racial Study will develop great practical value for educa- 

 tion, for the fight against tuberculosis and other diseases, and for race- 



=>! Haddon, A. C, especially 'The Races of Man,' 192-1; Myres, J. L., 'Intro- 

 ductory Section to Cambridge Ancient History,' vol. i., 1923 ; Sollas, W. J., ' Ancient 

 Hunters,' 1924 ; Keith, Sir A., ' The Antiquity of Man,' 1925 ; Dixon, R. B., ' The 

 Racial History of Man,' 1923 ; v. Eickstedt, E., ' Gedanken uber die Entwicklung 

 und Gliederung der Menschheit,' 3Iitt. Anthr. Ges. Wien, 1925 ; Smith, G. Elliot, 

 op. cit. ; Boule, M., ' Les Hommes Fossiles,' 1923 ; Martin, R., ' Lehrbuch der 

 Anthropologic,' 1914 ; Taylor, G., oji. cit. ; Ripley, W. Z., ' Races of Europe,' 1899 ; 

 Hrdli6ka, A., op. cit. ; Thomson, A., op. cit. 



