SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— E. 373 



description of this most important of English surveying instruments. Its relation 

 to the Theodelitus of Digges, and to his Topographical Instrument, were discussed. 



All these and other historic instruments were on exhibition with the Lewis Evans 

 Collection throughout the meeting. 



(Visits were arranged to the Lewis Evans Collection of Scientific 

 Instruments in the Old Ashmolean Building.) 



7. Mr. A. R. HiNKS, C.B.E., ¥.B,.S.— Notes on the ' Pantometria ' of 



Leonard Digges. 



8. Dr. Vaughan Cornish. — Form and Pattern in Scenery. 



This is part of a comprehensive investigation of the iJisthetics of Scenery. 

 Apparent Magnitude, Tone and Colour, and Rhythmic Motion (in part) have been 

 dealt with in The Geographical Journal and The Geographical Teacher, and papers 

 ■upon other pictorial categories are in preparation. In the present communication 

 an account is given of determinations of the angle subtended by the field of effective 

 view and of its relation to the apparent individuality of the component parts of a 

 mountain range seen from different distances. Similar observations have been 

 made on the apparent grouping of the stars in relation to the field of general view and 

 of more distinct vision respectively, the former having a connection with certain 

 large groups comprising more than one constellation, which have received little 

 attention, and the latter with the small groups known as asterisms. 



Afternoon. 

 Excursion to Brill. 



Saturday, August 7. 



Excursion to the Cotswolds. 



Monday, August 9. 



■9. Mr. W. R. DuNLOP. — Queensland and Jamaica. 



In continuation of previous studies in other regions, an attempt was made in this 

 paper to explain by analytical methods the exact reasons for the greater prosperity 

 •of Queensland as compared with Jamaica, both of which are tropical and contain 

 approximately the same number of inhabitants (850,000 to 900,000). Queensland 

 is over one hundred times larger in area and has far greater resources, and, since her 

 inhabitants occupy on an average 445 acres per head compared with 3 acres per head 

 in Jamaica, it follows that Queensland is fundamentally a Land Economy, whereas 

 Jamaica is fundamentally a Labour Economy. But racial ability is a determining 

 ■factor in prosperity. 



Evidence of the difference in prosperity is shown by greater productivity per 

 head (£68 per head per annum in Queensland and £8 6^■. in Jamaica), larger foreign 

 trade, more people paying income tax, higher real wages, and better housing ia 

 Queensland, but higher taxation because of the State's large public (external) debt, 

 ■which is not oppressive. 



The underlying physical reasons include Queensland's natural pastures and varied 

 mineral and forest resources and supply of artesian water, and Jamaica's liability to 

 •natural disasters, especially hurricanes. The economic reasons include Queensland's 

 greater borrowing power, less variation in exports, her development of manufacturing 

 and of railways. But Jamaica gets more out of each imit of land occupied, the 

 productivity being £3 6?. per acre, compared with 3s. 2d. per acre in the case of 

 •Queensland. Social reasons include better public health, more literacy, and much 

 less crime in Queensland. Also the average mental age test {i.e. intelligence) is higher 

 in Queensland. 



The relative efficiency of production and public administration is discussed. It 

 is concluded that Queensland's prosperity is due almost as much to her energy and 

 Ability as to her resources. But in spite of the Commonwealth she depends on foreign 



