390 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 



singeing was the fashion would have had an advantage, which would in the course of 

 time have been followed by congenital hairlessness improved by natural selection 

 and fixed by sexual selection. Man was the unconscious controller of his own destiny. 

 Two stages may be suggested. First, Hotno ignifer ; depending on natural sources 

 for his fire and chance of cooked food, he played with fire, singed himseU, and burned 

 his hairy contemporaries. Secondly, Homo ignigenius ; able to make fire for himself 

 and to put it to good service, he learnt his lesson at the cost of his natural coat. 

 Shakespeare was not far wrong when he wrote that what Time hath scanted man in 

 hair he hath given him in wit. 



17. Miss M. E. B. Russell. — The Correlation between the Distribution of 



Human Hair-form and Geographical Regions. 

 In order to provide an unprejudiced basis for testing such a possible correlation, 

 the distribution of human types suggested by Dr. Haddon in his book, ' The Races of 

 Man,' was adopted ; the geographical regions of Unstead and Taylor were also accepted 

 as representing a standard view of the various types of environment to which man is 

 subjected. A contingency table was then made, the rows representing the regions 

 and the columns the different races and sub-races of man. The contingency table 

 shows that there is undoubtedly a high correlation between the two factors, with the 

 exception of deserts, where the distribution is that of chance. 



18. Dr. J. H. Shaxby.— J[ Method for Estimating the Reflection of Light 



by the Skin. 



19. Miss R. M. Fleming. — Anthropological Sttidies of Children. 



Consecutive observations have been taken on groups of school-children for several 

 years. These reveal decided differences in the development of head-form and 

 colouring between boys and girls, and also between children of different race-types. 

 In addition, observations have been taken for the last two years on children of mixed 

 origin in our seaport towns, though in the latter case there has not yet been opportunity 

 to study prolonged growth. The essential feature of the work has been the following 

 of individuals year after year, and the records are kept for each individual. 



20. Mr. E. G. BowEN. — Anthropological Types and Tuberculosis. 



21. Joint Discussion with Sections D and J on Heredity in its 



Physical and Mental Aspects. Opened by Dr. C. S. Myers. 

 (See p. 366.) 



Dr. R. N. Salaman. — The Inheritance of Facial Types. 



The characteristics which go to build up the facial features and to mould the 

 expression are infinitely elusive and impossible of definition. It is on these combina- 

 tions of minute differences in respect to eye, nose, or mouth, that in life we base our 

 judgment, our friendships, and not seldom our loves. Such infinitely fine variations 

 defy Mendelian analysis. 



Study of Jewish facial types has shown that, overriding these subtle differences 

 is a very simple determining factor, viz. that of the roundedness versus the angularity 

 of all the features of the face. Within the Jewish community roundedness is 

 dominant to a specific type of facial angularity, and segregation is complete. Mating 

 of round-featured Jews with persons of angular type but of Nordic blood, however, 

 produces offspring in which the angular type is dominant, and here again segregation 

 takes place. The observations show not only that the plastic features of the face 

 are basically controlled by simple Mendelian factors, but that in the human race there 

 are closely similar phenotypes which are genotypically distinct. This latter fact is 

 of importance from the point of view of race determination. 



That some relation exists between facial feature and psychological character is 

 undoubted, and in the recognition of the rounded and angular types of face may be 

 found a basis for the determination of such correlation. Such observations as have 

 been made suggest that the possibility of a linkage between the rounded and angular 

 types of facial feature with distinct psychological characteristics is highly probable. 



