392 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 



Tools corresponding in form to some of the more carefully worked specimens from 

 Saints-Gertrude have been found by me on fields closely adjoining Grime's Graves. 

 These parallels I have brought for exhibition. 



To Marcel de Puydt belongs the credit of the discovery of the Sainte-Gertrude site 

 in 1881, since which time other distinguished savants have continued the work of 

 investigation. 



24. Mr. A. Leslie Armstrong. — Excavations in the Pin Hole Cave, 



Ores well Crags. 



A systematic archseological exploration of this cave was commenced in November 

 1924, upon ascertaining that the work there of the Rev. J. Magins Mello, in 1874, had 

 been abandoned 23 ft. from the entrance. Excavations have now proceeded 12 yards 

 beyond Mello's terminal point, and to an average depth of 12 ft. down to bed-rock. 

 Two layers of cave-earth are present, the uppermost sealed by stalagmite or breccia 

 and unbroken except in small limited areas, where disturbance has taken place to a 

 depth not exceeding 18 in. The fauna is a rich one, and Pleistocene in character. 

 Human artifacts occur throughout the upper cave-earth of Aurignacian and Proto- 

 Solutrian facies, including flint implements, amulets, bone tools, and an engraved 

 lance-point of mammoth ivory. 



Quartzite implements, considered to be Upper Mousterian, are found at the base 

 of the upper cave-earth. The lower cave-earth contains Lower Mousterian imple- 

 ments, and, near the centre of the deposit, artifacts resembling AcheuUan types, 

 together with tools of bon« and mammoth tusk. Lance-points of reindeer antler 

 from the old Mousterian level are believed to be of a form new to science and ancestral 

 to the single-bevel lance-point. The physical character of the lower cave-earth 

 points to its accumulation having been completed before the floor of the Creswell 

 ravine was cut down to its present level, and the contained artifacts provide valuable 

 vidence for defining the period during which this lowering of the valley took place, 

 which may have an important bearing upon the geological history of the Derbyshire 

 and S. Yorks vallej'S in general. 



25. Mr. V. Gordon Childe. — The Terrarnare and the Hungarian Bronze 



Age. 

 The traditional arguments for the derivation of the terramaricoli (Italici) from the 

 Middle Danube valley need revision owing to the great uncertainty attaching to the 

 existence of terrarnare in Hungary, the paucity of the specialised Hungarian types 

 represented in Italy, and the lateness of the Hungarian Bronze Age. The latter 

 period, to which belong the urn-fields, the ansa lunata vases and the Buckelkeramik 

 with North Italian analogues, in fact begins only at the time of the maximum 

 expansion of Mycenaean civilisation, and is parallel to the Italian terrarnare and the 

 succeeding Pianello-Tolf a phase ; i.e. the Hungarian Bronze culture is parallel and 

 akin to that of the terrarnare but not its ancestor. Some of the points in common 

 to the two groups, e.g. the crescent handle and the rite of cremation, can in Hungary 

 be traced back to the ' late Neolithic ' makers of corded ware who appeared also in 

 Austria and constituted a dominant element in the Tumulus Bronze Age population 

 of Bavaria. The ancestor of the terramaricoli may be assumed to be a mixture between 

 corded-ware makers and lake-dwellers from the Eastern Alps, like the population of 

 Bavaria and Western Hungary. That would accord well with the view that the 

 Bavarian barrow-builders were proto-Kelts, while the Bronze Age inhabitants of 

 Western Hungary may have been proto-Umbrians, since they used a prototype of the 

 Villanova ossuary. 



26. Miss M. A. Murray. — Excavations at Stevenage. 



27. Prof. Sir W. Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S.— TAe Cult of the Neolithic Axe. 

 The stone axe used in ceremony by the natives in the Pacific Islands is held in 



regard because it had a place in their religion when they were in the Neolithic stage 

 of culture, and the superstitions and mystical powers attached to Neolithic axes 

 among both civilised and uncivilised races have their origin in a time when the stone 

 axe was used in a Neolithic cult, just as the axe of bronze in the ritual of the Minoans, 

 and possibly also of the early Greek worshippers of Zeus. 



