SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— L. 423 



general education. The ' two-or-three-subject boy ' is likely in the long run to go 

 farther than the specialist. 



An objection in detail to the present conduct of scholarship examinations is that 

 at the University of Cambridge the great majority of college scliolarship examina- 

 tions are held in one week. 



(6) Miss J. P. Steachey. — Scholarships at Women's Colleges. 



(1) At Oxford the women's colleges give the status and title of scholar and 

 exhibitioner on merit alone, and award emoluments, if any, according to need. In this 

 they are conforming to the provisions of the new Scholarship Statutes of the men's 

 colleges. At Cambridge the earlier practice of awarding scholarships of definite 

 amounts still prevails in the women's colleges. A certain number of these scholar- 

 ships, such as the Mary Ewart of £100 at Newnham and the Carlisle Scholarships 

 of £100 and £80 at Girton, carry a poverty qualification. 



(2) The figures available for the Oxford colleges are not easy to analyse because 

 examinations are held twice a year, in December and March, and there is no information 

 as to how many candidates present themselves twice. It seems, however, as though 

 at Oxford English, History and Modern Languages attract the largest number of 

 candidates, in that order. The number of candidates in Mathematics and Science is 

 small. 



At Cambridge the numbers have risen steadily since 1921, when the first Girton 

 and Ne^vnham Joint Examination was held. History, Mathematics and Science 

 have the largest numbers of candidates. History having this year ousted Mathematics 

 from the first place. 



(3) In the list of schools from which scholarships or exhibitions were won in both 

 Universities there were in 1921 three County Secondary or Municipal Schools ; in 

 1926 this number had risen to nine. The rise has been steady except for a slight 

 setback in 1924. But probably these figures should be corrected by a closer analysis 

 of the types of schools and the inclusion of those which are called ' High Schools,' 

 but which are of recent foundation and under local authorities. 



(c) Mr. S. How.— Preparatory Schools and Scholarships. 



The need for scholarships. Different types of Preparatory Schools. Advantages 

 to scholars other than financial. Method of selection. Varying conditions. Effect 

 on candidates. Effect on curriculum of Preparatory Schools. Possible improvement* 

 in the system. 



id) Mr. J. L. Holland. — Elementary Schools and Scholarships. 



9. Discussion on The Cinema in Education. 



(a) Dr. C. W. Kimmins. — The Educational Possibilities of the 



Cinema and the Wireless. 



The findings of the Cinema Commission and an investigation of the type of film 

 preferred by children at different ages. The Report of the Research Committee on 

 the educational value of the cinema. Experiments on visual instruction carried on 

 by the Board of Education in New York. The comparative failure of the present 

 educational film. Suggestions for an improved tj'pe of film for educational purposes. 



(6) Mr. G. T. Hankin.— TAe Use of Films in Schools. 



Educational opinion on the value of the cinema is gradually changing. A 

 growing desire to utilise its powers can be noticed in many types of schools. Two 

 recent experiments in this country deserve specially detailed consideration. The 

 first, under the control of a committee of the National Council of Public Morals — of 

 which Professor Spearman was chairman, and Prof. Burt secretary, was conducted 

 under test conditions by Mr. Philpott for a period of two years, and elucidated with 

 some accuracy the value of the cinema as a teaching instrument. The second has 

 been carried out this year on some thousands of school children by means of a film 

 on the League of Nations, produced by the League of Nations Union. The answers 

 of one hundred and fifty teachers to a detailed questionnaire show that, with the aid 

 of teaching notes, the original master and mistress can make real use of a lilm. It 



