ON DERBYSHIRE CAVES. 303 



The work on the above caves has been assisted by a grant made by the Trustees of 

 the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund. 



Report of Excavations at Langwith Cave, Derbyshire: 

 April 11-27, 1927. 



Work was carried out in Langwith Cave for three weeks in April 1927. I first 

 excavated a chamber to the north of the main chamber dug out by Mr. Mullins, and 

 found the following sequence of deposits : — 



1. Black loamy earth containing modern bones, about 60 em. thick. 



2. Stiff sandy clay (cave-earth), reddish-yellow in colour, 80 cm. — 1 metre thick. 

 This was excavated in three levels, each about 30 cm. thick, and yielded Pleistocene 

 bones, including Rhinoceros Tichorhinus, reindeer and hyena. 



After the excavation of this subsidiary chamber I began to dig away a bank of 

 cave-earth left in place against the N.W. wall of the main chamber, and uncovered 

 a low archway leading into a part of the cave hitherto unknown. Inside this arch 

 only the cave-earth was present, and it was covered in places by a thin plate of 

 stalagmite. Bones were very abundant, and included reindeer and hyena. It was 

 not possible to finish the excavation of this chamber, which seems to extend a good 

 way in a N.W. direction. 



Fragments of flint were found in the upper levels of the cave-earth in both parts 

 of the cave. I obtained in all six finished implements of Upper Aurignacian type, 

 and eight flakes. 



Miss D. M. Bate will stud}' the animal bones, and the final disposition of the 

 material is in the hands of the Derbyshire Caves Committee of the British Association. 



D. A. E. Gaeeod. 



Kent's Cavern, Torquay. — Report of Committee appointed to co-operate 

 with the Torquay Natural History Society in investigating Kent's 

 Cavern. (Sir A. Keith, Chairman ; Prof. J. L. Myres, Secretary ; 

 Mr. G. A. Garfitt, Prof. W. J. Sollas, Mr. Mark L. Sykes.) 



The Committee submits the following report from the excavators, and desires to 

 express its grateful acknowledgment of their work, and of the facilities given by the 

 Torquay Natural History Society. The Committee asks to be reappointed, with 

 the balance in hand, and renewal of leave to collect funds from other sources as 

 required. 



Second Report on the Excavations in Kent's Cavern, Torquay : 

 October 1926— June 1927. 



The second season's campaign began in October 1926, and has continued to the 

 end of June 1927. Work has been concentrated upon an area 16ft. by 10ft. at the 

 east end of the trench dug last season, which has been extended to a length of 51 ft., 

 while an additional deposit over 13 ft. thick has been removed and sorted. 



Remains of all the members of the usual Cave-fauna discovered last season have 

 continued to turn up, and to these must now be added the Mammoth and Man. 

 Three teeth of the latter found at a depth of 10 ft. 6 in. below the Upper or Granular 

 Stalagmite (A) (datum line) have been submitted to Sir Arthur Keith, F.R.S., for 

 examination and are stated by him to be of Upper Palaeolithic age, and to be not 

 distinguishable from the teeth found by Pengelly in 1866 in the lower portion of the 

 Upper Stalagmite (A). 



During the course of the season's labours the geological conditions under which 

 this thick deposit of cave-earth was laid down have been clearly revealed. At the 

 E. end of the trench the walls of the cave approach each other to form a bottle-neck 

 between the Vestibule and the N.E. Gallery. A Section 12 ft. deep visible at this point 

 is filled from top to base with a deposit composed of angular, rounded and rolled 

 limestones in a matrix of cave-earth, either loose or in places cemented lightly by 

 stalagmite, and evidently representing a ' jam ' of material in the bottle-neck. 



At a point 8 ft. below datum line this deposit is interrupted by a Stalagmite floor 

 (B), but reappears beneath and continues to the base of the excavation, at this point 

 16 ft. below datum. Both above and below the stalagmite floor slabs of broken stalag- 

 mite occur here and there in the cave-earth, and it is clear that at least one more 



