342 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— E. 



time, and those here described can certainly be regarded as typical of their period. 

 It is possible, and it is hoped, that the publication of this study may lead to the 

 discovery of other similar estate plans of early date now buried in public and private 

 depositories. 



Mr. J. H. Reynolds. — Iceland. 



Afternoon. 

 Excursion to Otley Chevin, Lower Wharfedale and Adel. 



Tuesday, September 6. 



Mr. G. N. Humphreys. — Ruwenzori. 



The legendary source of the Nile in snow mountains, the rediscovery of such 

 mountains by Stanley and the British Museum Expedition and that of the Duke of 

 the Abruzzi in 1906, brought the Ruwenzori Mountains at that time much to public 

 notice. During the following twenty years, however, no fresh ground was broken 

 in the range and no peak reclimbed. Last year exploration was continued by two 

 expeditions. The former of these climbed some new peaks and crossed the range 

 through the largest unknown area, making the first crossing of the mountains via the 

 snows. Three lakes were discovered, two of them larger than lakes previously found 

 in the range. The latter expedition climbed several new peaks and reclimbed the 

 highest peaks of the four largest snow mountains, including the highest point in the 

 range. Exploration was handicapped during the former expedition by the desertion 

 of the porters and during both expeditions by bad weather, which obtained during 

 the two and a half months spent in the mountains. 



Miss A. Garnett.— The Capitals of Morocco. 



The major geographical factors underlying the historical and political importance 

 of the present capitals, their relation to lines of expansion and invasion of the Moorish 

 Empire via the Atlas passes and S. Riffian highway. 



Marrakesh as an oasis centre ; a ' crossroad ' and ' storehouse ' site for invaders 

 from the west Sahara ; a ' forward ' position for sixteenth- century expansion south- 

 ward to the Sudan. 



Fez and Mequinez as ' crossroad ' sites at the western terminus of the great E,-W. 

 Barbary highway. The early historical importance of this region. . 



The geographical division of the empire into the dual kingdoms of Fez and 

 Marrakesh when politically weak ; and greater domination of Fez when politically 

 strong. 



Rabat as the capital of the French Protectorate : its value as a coastal capital in 

 comparison with the inland capitals, in relation to present economic and political 

 conditions. 



Dr. S. B. J. Best. — Wheat Cultivation in relation to Soil Types on the 

 Yorkshire Wolds. 



The soil above the chalk on the Yorkshire Wolds is generally very thin, often 

 being not more than six inches hi depth. A map constructed from the Parish Returns 

 of the Ministry of Agriculture showing the distribution of wheat hi the East Riding 

 shows a greater concentration than would be expected on the eastern flanks of the 

 Wolds. When a line is drawn showing the westward limit of this concentration — a 

 ' wheat line ' — it is found to be higher up the sides of the Wolds than is the boulder 

 clay mapped by the Geological Survey. 



Reference made to Kendall's work on the glaciation of Yorkshire shows that the 

 ' Wheat Line ' almost coincides with his probable maximum limit of ice up the 

 eastern sides of the Wolds. 



The inference is that there are in this area patches of boulder clay and glacial 

 detritus neither deep nor constant enough to be mapped, but still of sufficient im- 

 portance to be regarded as constituting a definite and distinctive Soil Region, different 



