SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H, I. 367 



Anglicanism took root in English centres, e.g. county towns, market towns, castle 

 towns, among a Nordic type. 



(2) Puritanism owed much to Continental weaver refugees settling in wool-producing 

 areas, e.g. Radnorshire, Quakers and Baptists; and parts of Montgomeryshire, 

 Independents (Llanbrymnair, &c). Baptist and Independent movements also in 

 towns along the coastal plain of S. Wales. Independence or Congregationalism 

 especially in Towy Valley among Alpine folk — note present co- operative schemes of 

 farming. The Strict Baptist (Particular) creed survived opposition in such retreats 

 as the Vale of Olchon, and western outposts like Rhydwelym. Subsequent movement 

 westwards (root crops and seafaring commerce) to N.W. Pembrokeshire. The coin- 

 cidence of Baptists and dark broad-headed men in this area, studied in the light of 

 the characteristics of the latter and the tenets of the former, indicates a possible 

 relation between the two in Wales. 



(3) The dark long-headed stock-breeders of the remoter parts, untouched by 

 Puritanism, were opposed to the Church of the Nordic squire and found expression 

 through the Welsh language in the eighteenth century in the Calvinistic Methodist 

 Movement. In mining areas Cornish miners exerted an influence for Wesleyanism. 



(4) In South Cardiganshire, in a rural area, with a hyperdolichocephalic dark 

 population, Unitarianism has dominated almost to the exclusion of all other faiths. 



Miss M. McInnes. — An Ethnological Survey of Sheffield and the Surrounding 

 District. 



A few years ago, in making an economic survey of Sheffield and the district around, 

 a cursory glance at the workers seemed to offer material for an ethnological study. 

 This was undertaken with interesting results. 



Investigations on hair and eye colour of 2,200 school children in the outlying 

 districts of South-West Yorks and North-East Derbyshire, and of 6,300 children in 

 Sheffield itself, were recorded in the manner recommended by Beddoe. The methods 

 for obtaining the Index of Nigrescence advocated by Parsons were preferably followed. 

 The conclusions drawn were : — ■ 



1. That the Nordic types predominated throughout the area. 



2. That the darkest children were found in the poorest and most congested 

 industrial areas of the city. 



3. That the farther away from the city the fairer the children became, both of 

 hair and of eye. 



4. That ' nests ' of dark children remained here and there in the outlying districts, 

 especially on the higher gritstone moorlands of the Don Valley headstreams. 



5. That mixed types, also, were found oftenest in the crowded city areas, though 

 they occurred throughout the city in greater numbers than in the outlying districts. 



Investigations on adults confirmed these conclusions and, in the variations found, 

 gave interesting points for future study. 



Head and body measurements on adult town workers showed two types. The 

 lighter cutlery and silver-plating trades employed, on the whole, a fairer, taller type 

 than the heavy iron and steel works. The workers in the latter were stunted, longer 

 of body, shorter of leg and darker of colour than those in the former. Both fell far 

 below the average of the more leisured classes, where the tall, muscular, well- 

 proportioned Nordic type was in the majority. 



SECTION I— PHYSIOLOGY. 



(For references to the publication elsewhere of communications entered in the 

 following list of transactions, see p. 433.) 



Thursday, September 1 . 



Prof. B. A. McSwiney. — Observations on the Elasticity of Arteries. 



The velocity of the pulse wave has been measured with accuracy in man by the 

 use of the hot wire sphymograph and the relative extensibility of "the arteries cal- 

 culated from a simple formula. To determine how far differences of diastolic pressure 



