ON SCIENCE IN SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS. 449 



up to the age of sixteen should be instituted for the sixteen-eighteen stage. 

 The report also suggests that courses in laboratory management might 

 usefully be provided as part of the training given in university training 

 departments. 



The training usually given in these post-graduate courses includes 

 school practice and observation lessons, formal lectures, discussion lessons, 

 and special courses of subsidiary subjects — such as voice production, 

 black-board drawing, and physical education. 



School Practice. 



The arrangements for school practice differ somewhat in the various 

 institutions : — 



Oxford and Cambridge University training departments send each science student 

 for the whole of one term out of the three to some secondary school for continuous 

 practice under the supervision of an approved science master. 



London University departments at the London Day Training College and at King's 

 College send their students for two days a week throughout the year to selected 

 secondary schools under supervision to observe and to teach the particular subject 

 or subjects for which they are qualified. The students are visited at their school 

 practice periodically each term by their tutors and other expert supervisors — practical 

 questions arising out of this teaching being dealt with at a weekly discussion class or 

 seminar. There is also a series of discussion and demonstration lessons in science 

 given weekly in the London Day Training College Demonstration Schools. 



At Birmingham (Women's Division) the student takes a self-contained practice 

 teaching course in a secondary school in her principal subject and another such course 

 in her subsidiary subject in a science centre or elementary school. 



At Bristol teaching practice is provided in three periods, each of four weeks, the 

 first being in an elementary school immediately after the final degree examination, 

 the second in the middle of the first term of training and the third at the end of the 

 second term, one or (in the case of an honours graduate) both of the second and third 

 periods being in a secondary school. 



At Liverpool students intending to teach science in secondary schools have 

 thirteen weeks teaching practice in secondary schools in the neighbourhood. 



At Newcastle the student attends one day a week as an observer in his first 

 term at the secondary school in which he is to teach continuously in his second 

 term. 



In Manchester half the student's time is spent in school practice under supervision 

 by a tutor with science quaUfications. 



At Sheffield the student has two continuous periods of school prartice in science 

 teaching — one at the beginning of the second term and, in addition, one day and a half 

 each week during the rest of the year he also attends a weekly demonstration lesson 

 followed by discussion. 



Of training colleges other than the university training departments, the Cambridge 

 Training College for Women requires students to give two or three courses of lessons 

 each term and to be responsible for the science work in a class for one term in a 

 central, upper elementary, or preparatory school ; Maria Grey (London) students 

 teach one or two science subjects in secondary schools during at least four, usually 

 more, periods. The teaching practice of the Clapham High School Training College 

 is carried on both in this school and in other schools and is discussed with the senior 

 subject mistress in the Clapham High School. 



While most of the teaching practice is in the special subject which the 

 student intends to teach, most of the lectures attended are common to 

 all students whether science specialists or not, viz., those in the theory and 

 history of education, in psychology, in school organisation, &c. In 

 addition the following specialist lectures are given : — 



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