SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— E. 577 



of Bemi-serfs who possess no political power and are never likely to secure by peaceful 

 methods social equality with the Whites. 



The two big groupings in the Black society are (a) the tribalised Bantus, (b) the 

 urban Bantus who have been persuaded to abandon the tribal environment ; Kaffirs 

 working on European farms go along with this group. There is a tendency for (6) to 

 increase in numbers at the expense of (a), and this with White encouragement. 



The rise by the Bantus from unskilled to skilled trades is an inevitable develop- 

 ment. ' Colour Bar ' legislation can but temporarily check the operation of economic 

 law. Will it be possible to deny social and political opportunity to the Bantus when 

 the present difference in economic status between Whites and Blacks has been 

 removed ? 



Without a policy of segregating the Whites and Blacks in two distinct zones, so 

 that each group may be, as far as possible, self-supporting, the ultimate submergence 

 of the White State is assured. The aim of White South Africa should be, far from 

 destroying the tribal basis of Bantu life, to strengthen its influence and to check the 

 flow of Bantu labour into the towns, where its presence aggravates the social, economic 

 and political problems of the State. 



The relations of the two White stocks — British and Dutch, still distinct nationalities 

 — provide an insignificant problem, viewed in the right perspective, in comparison with 

 the menace of a conflict of Colour in South Africa. 



Afternoon. 

 Excursion : Cardross to Balloch. 



Wednesday, September 12. 



Mr. R. A. Pelham. — A Fourteenth-century MS. Map of Britain and its 

 Influence on Sixteenth-century Cartography. 



This fourteenth-century map hangs in the Bodleian Library. Its author and 

 precise date of construction are unknown, but it may be tentatively ascribed to the 

 second quarter of the century. The map is remarkable for its system of roads and 

 mileages and the tolerably accurate representation of the coastline of England. 

 Scotland is shown in a curiously elongated manner, the section north of the Forth 

 being separated from the rest by a waterway as in the Matthew Paris maps. 



The influence upon later maps is based largely upon the representation of Wales. 

 Cardigan Bay is made convex, the Lleyn Peninsula of Carnarvonshire is absent, 

 Pufiin Island is grossly exaggerated and a large river (Fluvius Month) is shown flowing 

 into Carnarvon town. Plynlymon is depicted as a lake instead of as a mountain. 



Munster's wood-cut map of Britain in his ' Geographia Universalis ' of 1540 

 closely resembles the fourteenth-century map in outline, but shows a greater simplifica- 

 tion of topographical detail. The Plynlymon error has been corrected, and a number 

 of other mountains are depicted both in Wales and England. Scotland is only shown 

 as far north as Edinburgh. Several errors have been committed Ln the transcription 

 of place names from the earlier map, e.g. ' Gilford ' appears as ' SiHord,' ' Lewis ' 

 (Lewes) as ' Lewig.' 



In the copper-plate map of George Lily, drawn up at Rome in 1546, the coastline 

 of England has been modified, that of Lancashire being markedly straight, and a 

 completely new Scotland is shown, although the errors relating to Wales persist. In 

 addition, Llandovery now appears on the River Usk instead of on the River Towy. 



Apparently another influence has been at work, and the new errors can be traced 

 to a MS. map of c. 1540. Here Scotland is shown more crudely than in the Lily 

 map, but much more accurately than in the fourteenth-century one. 



A series of maps made during the second half of the sixteenth century and shown 

 by M. C. Andrews to be based upon the Lily map, is as follows : — 



1. 1549 Antwerp (Johannem MolUjns). 



2. 1555 London (T. Gemini). 



3. 1556 Rome ? 



4. 1556 Venice (Andreas Valvassorus). 



5. 1558 Rome (Sebastianus a Regibus Clodiensis). 



6. 1562 Venice (Ferrando de Berteli exc. 1661). 



7. 1563 Venice (Camocio). 



8. 1589 Rome (Marcus Clodius). 



1928 P P 



