SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.— H. 593 



Relics of Azilio-Tardenoisian date in Scotland seem to be contemporary with the 

 formation of the 25-30-ft. raised beach. Subsequent to this a considerable rise in 

 the height of the land took place, which was followed by a sinking movement which 

 still continues. At what period the change of movement took place is not known, 

 but the position of monuments dating to the late Neolithic Period and the Early Iron 

 Age or Romano-British times, will be cited in support of the claim that a considerable 

 sinking movement in the land has taken place since those times. 



Afternoon, 



Dr. James Ritchie.^ — Palccolithic Man in Scotland — tlie Evidences from 

 the Caves at Inchnadamph, Sutherland. 



Recent excavations in limestone caves near Inchnadamph in western Sutherland 

 have demonstrated the presence of man in successive layers covering a long period 

 of time. The importance of the discoveries lies in their revelation for the first time 

 of the habitation of Scotland by men of palaeolithic age, during the later stages of the 

 Glacial Period. A summary will be given of the evidences — geological, faunistic, 

 and anthropological — which determine the ages of the various layers and of the 

 indications of the presence of man in a deposit of upper paljEolithic age. 



Mr. A. Leslie Armstrong. — A Report on Recent Excavations at CressweU 

 Caves, Derbyshire. 



The systematic exploration of this cave has been advanced to 43 feet from the 

 point at which Mello abandoned it in 1874, and work is now proceeding in the large 

 inner chamber of the cave. The total. depth of the deposit is 15 feet, and consists 

 of an upper and a lower cave-earth. Evidence of casual human occupation occurs 

 throughout the upper cave-earth and the dominant culture has been proved to be 

 Upper Aurignacian, with considerable Proto-Solutreau elements and some traces of 

 intrusive Magdalenian near the top. 



Upper Mousterian artifacts of quartzite and flint occur at the extreme base. A 

 recent find of outstanding importance to English archaeology is that of an engraved 

 drawing of a masked human figure, executed upon a rib, probably of reindeer. In 

 general character and technique the figure resembles those of Hornos and Altamira, 

 which are of Aurignacian date. It was found in association with Proto-Solutrean 

 implements and was encrusted with breccia. 



The lower cave-earth contains two definite zones of occupation, the lowest at 

 12 feet. Implements of quartzite and tools of bone and mammoth ivory occur in 

 both zones, the technique of which is Mousterian. Evidence of prolonged submergence 

 of the lower cave-earth on at least two occasions and of climatic changes are well 

 marked, and the occupation zones are separated by sterile layers of fallen roof slabs . 



Tuesday, September 11. 



Mr. Miles Burkitt. — Prehistory in South Africa and Southern Rhodesia. 



South African prehistorians recognised the occurrence of stone implements in 

 the Cape Province as early as the middle sixties of the last century. 



The country is immense and the various amateur prehistorians isolated. I was 

 invited last year by the University of Cape Town to undertake a long tour to try and 

 encourage and co-ordinate the very considerable work that has been accomplished. 



The industries found and the problems that have arisen are in many cases the 

 same as those we find in Europe. Hence the importance of South Africa to the pre- 

 historian. Similar discoveries have been made in North Africa, and this area acts 

 as a link between South Africa and Europe. 



There have been found industries belonging to lower Paloeolithic cultures ; typical 

 tools as well as local variants — due probably to the material from which the tools 

 were made — occur. Next the influence of the Middle Palaeolithic culture can bo 

 detected. Two invasions of Neoanthropic man follow ; these can be traced from 

 as far north as Kenya. Besides these larger cult\ires at least two important local 

 hybrids occur. - 



1928 QQ 



