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iu cleaning. It can be volatilized by beat, so that the earth can thiis be 

 rendered colorless or nearly so. Now a'thon;^h the asphaltum occurs 

 disseminated throughout the mass it is also tbund withia the shells ot 

 the Foramiaifera, Bacillaria and Radiolaria , so that the lorica as they 

 are called in the case of the Bacilhiria and the shells of Foramifera 

 and Radiolaria are opaque or colored of a reddish brown. 



And often wheu tiie Diatom of Bacillaria pustule is inade up of 

 the entire shell of the pustule , as it is called , has the valves united, 

 as is common in Coscinodiscus, wliicli is frequent, is seen to be present 

 in a forra that is rounded or as spheres , the asphaltum is present, 

 showing that it is present, showing that it vvas fluid or vaporous when 

 introduced and became hardened afterwards. And that it first carne 

 as petroleum or rock oil and asphaltum at last by evaporati ng. The 

 stratum which contains Bacillaria at Santa cruz, California is likewise 

 worked but is poor in asphaltum but rich in Diatoms. Over it is a weak 

 layer which is interestiug and which I obtained from there. This does 

 net contain any Diatoms at ali, but it has been formed in shallow water 

 most likely. A layer of mud, such as is common now ali along the coast 

 contains something that raakes it dark in color but it is not asphaltum. 

 In fact I had a similar layer near San Francisco. 



Where the stratum contains shells of Bacillaria and is pronounced 

 Eocene by geologists and constitutes the London day from London in 

 England , and which Schwabsole found to be Diatomaceus , is exami- 

 ned microocepically it is found that the Diatoms are scarce in it, They 

 are marine Diatoms niarkediy, but the orgauic niatter, which was and- 

 ochrome , and the coloring matter is called Diatomid , is removed or 

 changed and replaced by carbonaceous matter which is also present in 

 rounded raasses and black by transmitted light. Sometimes it is replaced 

 by pepites of sulphide of iron or fools gold as it is called. This looks 

 black by transmitted light, for it is not transparent. But by reflected 

 light it shows brightly, almost like burnished gold. 



So the deposit at Mors in Denmark shows the carbonaceous matter 

 along with the Diatoms, but not changed into asphaltum. Now we can 

 reason that the asphaltum carne from the Miocene or the Eocene period. 

 Can we also truly see that it coraes from the sea bottora. I think we 

 for asphaltum is now seen ovging from the sea in southern California. 

 They get is now in quantity by didding well on the sea bottom it is 

 well known at Suraraerland in Santa Barbara county^ California. And 

 where the cisphaltum is present now petroleum must also be present, 



