24 Dr Duckworth, On the Anthropometric data collected 
11. Leaving these speculations on one side for a moment, it 
is convenient to consider another possibility. In many islands of 
the south-eastern parts of Asia, indications are met with of the 
existence of pygmy types subjected to invasion by taller and 
stronger immigrants. Ceylon and the Andaman islands will serve 
as examples of the phenomenon in question. 
Evidently it is a matter of interest to make this enquiry as 
regards the Maldives. It can be undertaken without prejudice in 
the case before us, for if Ceylon and the Andamans suggest a 
succession such as has been mentioned, the history of the Maldives 
and Minikoi goes far to discountenance the idea. 
If we commence such a search, it is necessary to fix a limit of 
stature, this character having a prime value in the definition of 
pygmy types. An upper limit of 1480 mm.* will not be too great 
if it be understood to refer to adult males. The mean values for 
Andamanese and Aetas exceed this, and the same character 
among the Vedda is very considerably greater (1570). 
(a) Our preliminary search yields the following results: 
Adult males of stature less than 1480 mm. 
1. Maldives: Hulule (No. 9), 1478. 
2) ‘ : Male (No. 18), 1474. 
3. 5s : Addu (No. 44), 1466. 
4, Muinikoi: (No. 2), 1476. 
Mean value (4 individuals), 1473°5 mm. 
Consequently there is at least a proma facie case to be made 
out for the existence (in these islands) of a pygmy element. Of 
these individuals, the only information available (in addition to 
the other measurements) is to the effect that the three Maldive 
men were fishermen and therefore presumably of low caste. Two 
of the three are named Hassan, the name of the third is not 
recorded. The Minikoi man was named Ismail, and Professor 
Gardiner makes the following noteworthy comment, “ mongoloid 
eyes and rather high cheek-bones” ; this individual was fat, and 
none of the other three is described as thin or emaciated. 
(b) The four individuals thus associated stand apart in 
marked contrast to the rest by reason of their small stature. The 
next stage in the enquiry is directed to the positions occupied by 
the same men in the other seriations. For a pygmy type might 
be expected to provide other contrasts than that of stature. 
A careful search through the whole range of seriations (upon which 
the standard deviations discussed in Table IV are based) shews me 
that the short-statured men are remarkable in no other respect. 
* 4 ft. 10 in. 
+ In other words the range of variation they yield is markedly overlapped by 
that given by the remainder. This of itself need not however disprove their pygmy 
