48 Drs Fantham and Porter, Some Insect Flagellates i 
VII. Comparison of the Induced Herpetomomasis of 
the Mouse with Leishmaniasis. 
_ Some years ago, Patton described the formation of the flagel- | 
late form of Leishmania (Herpetomonas) donovani in the bed bug. | 
While a flagellate stage of the Kala-azar parasite can develop in: 
the bed bug, the non-flagellate stage appears to be the only one: 
found in the vertebrate (human) host. In the induced herpeto- | 
moniasis of mice due to H. jaculum, the outstanding feature is | 
the presence, in addition to rounded stages, of active, well formed 
flagellates in the liver and in less numbers in the spleen and | 
bone-marrow of the host. | 
Non-flagellate elements, frequently termed leishmaniform, also | 
occur in the vertebrate infected artificially with herpetomoniasis | 
through H. jaculwm or H. ctenocephah. These non-flagellate forms | 
y 
differ from the Leishman-Donovan bodies of Kala-azar in several | 
respects: There is less uniformity of appearance, some of the non- 
flagellate H. jaculum or H. ctenocephali being much more elongate 
than is seen in the Leishman-Donovan bodies, while, what is 
more obvious, the position of the blepharoplast is different. 
Typically, the nucleus of the Leishman-Donovan body is some- 
what to one side, the deeply staining blepharoplast is immediately 
opposite to it, also to one side and lying transversely along the 
narrow diameter of the organism. The latter position is char- 
acteristic. The non-flagellate forms of H. jaculum in mice have 
their blepharoplasts in almost any position other than that 
characteristic of the Leishman-Donovan body. The position varies — 
in parasites on the same smear from vertical to horizontal posi- 
tions in any situation in the oval body. Again, free parasites 
seem less common in Kala-azar than they are in artificial 
herpetomoniasis. 
That the two diseases are allied is undoubted. Both present 
the same features—the insidious onset, the subsequent relatively 
rapid illness, the splenic and often hepatic enlargement, feverish 
attacks and emaciation are common to both maladies, while in 
both diseases similar parasites are found. 
; 
| 
VIII. General Conclusions. 
From the results of our researches we conclude that: 
1. Insect flagellates, e.g. Herpetomonas jaculum (Léger) from 
Nepa cinerea, and Herpetomonas ctenocephals (Fantham), parasitic 
in the dog-flea, Ctenocephalus canis, can live inside certain verte- 
brates (e.g. mouse and dog respectively) and can multiply therein, 
This we have shown experimentally. 
