190 Drs Fantham and Porter, On Induced 
neighbourhood of Cambridge, and some of the Culex larvae were 
bred out and identified. 
The birds were fed either with the entire insects containing 
herpetomonads, or with the alimentary canals that had been 
removed. There was usually no difficulty over the feeding. After 
the infective feed had been given, grain and shredded cooked meat 
or egg were given as food. | 
Blood smears of the experimental birds were taken at intervals, 
and smear preparations of the organs were made at death. Wet 
fixation by osmic vapour followed by absolute alcohol, or Bouin’s 
fluid was used, and the preparations were stained with Giemsa’s 
solution or iron haematoxylin. Control birds were kept and 
remained healthy. . 
Eaxpervmental Work. 
Herpetomonas jaculum has been shown by us to be capable of 
infecting certain fish, amphibia, snakes and mice. It has also 
proved infective to birds. The use of H. culicis was suggested by 
finding the remains of many Culex in the crops of some sparrows 
and martins found dead and sent to us for examination. ‘They 
had been too long dead to allow of the detection of herpetomonads, 
had any been present. 
A short outline of the experiments may be given. 
Eapervment 1 (H.B.F.). A female canary was fed on the 
intestines of two Nepa cinerea containing Herpetomonas jaculum 
and on two infected nymphs. The bird weighed 26 grams. It 
died 51 days later, when it weighed 10:2 grams. At post-mortem, 
the body was much emaciated, the liver seemed normal, the spleen 
slightly enlarged and the suprarenal bodies were very hard and 
frm. Non-flagellate, leishmaniform parasites were found in 
smears of the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidney and bone-marrow. ~ 
Hlongating forms occurred in the liver and also a few typical, 
flagellate herpetomonads. Non-flagellate elements were more 
abundant than flagellate forms. 
Experiment 2 (A.P.). A female sparrow was fed with a 
number of larvae and adults of Culex pipiens containing H. 
culicis. Four days after feeding, a blood smear showed a single 
non-flagellate herpetomonad. On the ninth day of the experi- 
ment, the bird died suddenly. The liver and spleen were softish, 
the bone-marrow small in quantity and more fluid than usual. 
The other organs were normal. Stained preparations of the organs 
showed that, as in the case of the canary, there was a generalised 
infection of the parasite. The flagellate form of H. culicis pre- 
dominated. The heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and suprarenal bodies 
contained well developed flagellates. Non-flagellate forms were 
